Risk factors for child maltreatment in an Australian population-based birth cohort

Doidge, James C.; Higgins, Daryl J.; Delfabbro, Paul; Segal, Leonie

doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.12.002

Cited by 182Child Abuse and TraumaChild Welfare and AdoptionChild Abuse and Related Trauma

Risk factors for child maltreatment in an Australian population-based birth cohort

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Doidge, James C., Higgins, Daryl J., Delfabbro, Paul, Segal, Leonie·2017·Child Abuse & Neglect

DOI 10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.12.002

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Abstract

Child maltreatment and other adverse childhood experiences adversely influence population health and socioeconomic outcomes. Knowledge of the risk factors for child maltreatment can be used to identify children at risk and may represent opportunities for prevention. We examined a range of possible child, parent and family risk factors for child maltreatment in a prospective 27-year population-based birth cohort of 2443 Australians. Physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, neglect and witnessing of domestic violence were recorded retrospectively in early adulthood. Potential risk factors were collected prospectively during childhood or reported retrospectively. Associations were estimated using bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions and combined into cumulative risk scores. Higher levels of economic disadvantage, poor parental mental health and substance use, and social instability were strongly associated with increased risk of child maltreatment. Indicators of child health displayed mixed associations and infant temperament was uncorrelated to maltreatment. Some differences were observed across types of maltreatment but risk profiles were generally similar. In multivariate analyses, nine independent risk factors were identified, including some that are potentially modifiable: economic disadvantage and parental substance use problems. Risk of maltreatment increased exponentially with the number of risk factors experienced, with prevalence of maltreatment in the highest risk groups exceeding 80%. A cumulative risk score based on the independent risk factors allowed identification of individuals at very high risk of maltreatment, while a score that incorporated all significant risk and protective factors provided better identification of low-risk individuals.

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A 27-years prospective birth cohort study showed that higher levels of economic disadvantage, poor parental mental health, substance use and social instability were strongly associated with increased risk of child maltreatment.
“A 27-years prospective birth cohort study showed that higher levels of economic disadvantage, poor parental mental health, substance use and social instability were strongly associated with increased risk of child maltreatment [69].”
From Associations of childhood trauma with long-term diseases and alcohol and nicotine use disorders in Czech and Slovak representative samples (2022) · cites this paper as [69]

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Authors: Doidge, J. C., Higgins, D. J., Delfabbro, P., & Segal, L.
Affiliations: University of South Australia (AU)
The University of Melbourne (AU)
The University of Adelaide (AU)
Corresponding author: Doidge, James C.
ORCID: Doidge, James C.
Higgins, Daryl J.
Delfabbro, Paul
Segal, Leonie
Venue: Child Abuse & Neglect
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2017-02
Volume: 64
Pages: 47-60
ISSN: 0145-2134 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.12.002
OpenAlex: W2562130944
Cited by: 182
References: 34
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 2
FWCI: 15.49
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
discovery.ucl.ac.uk
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Child Abuse & Neglect (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UniSA Research Outputs Repository (University of South Australia) (acceptedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
Funders: University of South Australia
South Australian Health Economics Collaborative
South Australian Department of Health
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Social Sciences › Safety Research › Child Welfare and Adoption
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Child Abuse and Related Trauma
Keywords: child abuse, risk factors, cumulative risk score, economic disadvantage, parental substance use, parental mental health, social instability, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, child neglect, witnessing domestic violence, infant temperament, child health, adverse childhood experiences, maltreatment prevention, birth cohort
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Australia, Child, Child Abuse, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Statistics as Topic, Cohort Studies, Prevalence, Domestic Violence, Risk Assessment, Substance-Related Disorders, Young Adult

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Risk factors for child maltreatment in an Australian population-based birth cohort

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