Cited by 279Child Abuse and TraumaChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentChild Welfare and Adoption

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 56 of the 56 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Gender differences in the effects of childhood maltreatment on adult depression and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Gallo, Erika Alejandra Giraldo, Munhoz, Tiago Neuenfeld, Loret de Mola, Christian, Murray, Joseph·2018·Child Abuse & Neglect

DOI 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.01.003

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Child maltreatment has well-documented long-term, adverse effects on mental health, but it is not clear whether there are gender differences in these effects. We conducted a systematic review to investigate whether there are gender differences in the effects of maltreatment on adult depression and anxiety. Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Lilacs were searched for relevant studies published up to May 2016. Eligible studies included population-based studies (with a cohort, case-control or cross-sectional design) which assessed maltreatment during childhood or adolescence (≤18 years) and its association with major depression or generalized anxiety disorder (DSM/ICD diagnostic criteria) in adulthood (>18 years) separately for females and males. Meta-analysis was performed to estimate the association between each exposure and outcome using fixed and random effects models. Pooled odds ratios (OR) were estimated separately for women and men and compared. Five studies of physical and sexual abuse were included in the meta-analyses. These provided twenty-two effects sizes estimates (11 for men, 11 for women) for associations between physical/sexual abuse and depression/anxiety. Exposure to each kind of abuse increased the odds of depression/anxiety. Associations were larger for women than for men, however, these gender differences were not statistically significant. Physical and sexual abuse in childhood/adolescence are risk factors for depression/anxiety in adulthood and the effect could be larger for women; however, currently there is insufficient evidence to definitively identify gender differences in the effects of maltreatment.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.01.003

Cites

56 of 56 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Lifetime Prevalence and Age-of-Onset Distributions of DSM-IV Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593 · Cited by 20,391
The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomised and non-randomised studies of health care interventions.
Downs, S. H., & Black, N. (1998) · Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.52.6.377 · Cited by 8,252
Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
(2022) · doi:10.5040/9781509934058.0025 · Cited by 6,750
Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010
Whiteford, H. A., Degenhardt, L., Rehm, J., Baxter, A. J., Ferrari, A. J., Erskine, H. E., Charlson, F. J., Norman, R. E., Flaxman, A. D., Johns, N., et al. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61611-6 · Cited by 6,006
Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries
Gilbert, R., Widom, C. S., Browne, K., Fergusson, D., Webb, E., & Janson, S. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61706-7 · Cited by 3,876
The Long-Term Health Consequences of Child Physical Abuse, Emotional Abuse, and Neglect: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Norman, R. E., Byambaa, M., De, R., Butchart, A., Scott, J., & Vos, T. (2012) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001349 · Cited by 3,387
Reprint—Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & and the PRISMA Group (2009) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/89.9.873 · Cited by 2,486
Gender differences in depression: Critical review
Piccinelli, M., & Wilkinson, G. (2000) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.177.6.486 · Cited by 2,376
The prevalence of child maltreatment across the globe: review of a series of meta-analyses
Stoltenborgh, M., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., Alink, L. R. A., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2015) · Child Abuse Review · doi:10.1002/car.2353 · Cited by 1,542
Childhood Maltreatment Predicts Unfavorable Course of Illness and Treatment Outcome in Depression: A Meta-Analysis
Nanni, V., Uher, R., & Danese, A. (2012) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11020335 · Cited by 1,480

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 56 references

Sorted by citations

Gender Differences in Depression: Biological, Affective, Cognitive, and Sociocultural Factors
Hyde, J. S., & Mezulis, A. H. (2020) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000230 · Cited by 385
The association between adverse childhood experiences and common mental disorders and suicidality: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Sahle, B. W., Reavley, N. J., Li, W., Morgan, A. J., Yap, M. B. H., Reupert, A., & Jorm, A. F. (2022) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-021-01745-2 · Cited by 375
Maternal history of childhood maltreatment and later parenting behavior: A meta-analysis
Savage, L.-É., Tarabulsy, G. M., Pearson, J., Collin-Vézina, D., & Gagné, L.-M. (2019) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579418001542 · Cited by 209
The Clustering of Adverse Childhood Experiences in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children: Are Gender and Poverty Important?
Lacey, R. E., Howe, L. D., Kelly‐Irving, M., Bartley, M., & Kelly, Y. J. (2020) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260520935096 · Cited by 181
Mediation of the influence of childhood maltreatment on depression relapse by cortical structure: a 2-year longitudinal observational study
Opel, N., Redlich, R., Dohm, K., Zaremba, D., Goltermann, J., Repple, J., Flint, C., Grotegerd, D., Leehr, E. J., Böhnlein, J., et al. (2019) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(19)30044-6 · Cited by 149
Neurobiology of early life adversity: A systematic review of meta-analyses towards an integrative account of its neurobiological trajectories to mental disorders
Hakamata, Y., Suzuki, Y., Kobashikawa, H., & Hori, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.100994 · Cited by 159
The invisible scars of emotional abuse: a common and highly harmful form of childhood maltreatment
Gama, C. M. F., Portugal, L. C. L., Gonçalves, R., de Souza, S., Vilete, L. M. P., Mendlowicz, M. V., Figueira, I. L. D. V., Volchan, E., David, I. A., Oliveira, L., et al. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03134-0 · Cited by 162
Perineuronal nets, inhibitory interneurons and anxiety-related ventral hippocampal neuronal oscillations are altered by early life adversity
Murthy, S., Kane, G. A., Katchur, N. J., Lara Mejia, P. S., Obiofuma, G., Buschman, T. J., McEwen, B. S., & Gould, E. (2019) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.02.021 · Cited by 118
Early life stress in rodents: Animal models of illness or resilience?
Murthy, S., & Gould, E. (2018) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00157 · Cited by 120
Prevalence of anxiety, depression and suicidal behaviors among Brazilian undergraduate students: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Demenech, L. M., Oliveira, A. T., Neiva-Silva, L., & Dumith, S. C. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.108 · Cited by 123
Maternal History of Childhood Adversities and Later Negative Parenting: A Systematic Review
Lotto, C. R., Altafim, E. R. P., & Linhares, M. B. M. (2021) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380211036076 · Cited by 108
Parent-adolescent congruence in phubbing and adolescents’ depressive symptoms: A moderated polynomial regression with response surface analyses
Bai, Q., Lei, L., Hsueh, F.-H., Yu, X., Hu, H., Wang, X., & Wang, P. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.156 · Cited by 92
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Body Dysmorphic Symptoms: A Meta-Analysis
Longobardi, C., Badenes-Ribera, L., & Fabris, M. A. (2022) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.01.003 · Cited by 86
Childhood Maltreatment Influences Mental Symptoms: The Mediating Roles of Emotional Intelligence and Social Support
Zhao, J., Peng, X., Chao, X., & Xiang, Y. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00415 · Cited by 83
The burden of mental ill health associated with childhood maltreatment in the UK, using The Health Improvement Network database: a population-based retrospective cohort study
Chandan, J. S., Thomas, T. R., Gokhale, K. M., Bandyopadhyay, S., Taylor, J. S., & Nirantharakumar, K. (2019) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(19)30369-4 · Cited by 84
The Parental Brain
Numan, M. (2020) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190848675.001.0001 · Cited by 106
Gender differences influence over insomnia in Korean population: A cross-sectional study
La, Y. K., Choi, Y. H., Chu, M. K., Nam, C. M., Choi, Y., & Kim, W. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0227190 · Cited by 70
The relationship between attachment to pets and mental health: the shared link via attachment to humans
Lass-Hennemann, J., Schäfer, S. K., Sopp, M. R., & Michael, T. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04199-1 · Cited by 64
When left-behind children become adults and parents: The long-term human capital consequences of parental absence in China
Zheng, X., Fang, Z., Wang, Y., & Fang, X. (2022) · China Economic Review · doi:10.1016/j.chieco.2022.101821 · Cited by 64
The mediating effect of self-compassion on the relationship between childhood maltreatment and depression
Tao, J., He, K., & Xu, J. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.019 · Cited by 65
Interpersonal Violence (IV) in Sport and Mental Health Outcomes in Teenagers
Parent, S., Vaillancourt‐Morel, M., & Gillard, A. (2021) · Journal of Sport and Social Issues · doi:10.1177/01937235211043652 · Cited by 71
Trajectories of childhood adversity and the risk of depression in young adulthood: Results from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children
Tracy, M., Salo, M., Slopen, N. B., Udo, T., & Appleton, A. A. (2019) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22887 · Cited by 68
Adverse Childhood Experiences Are Associated with Mental Health Problems Later in Life: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abate, B. B., Sendekie, A. K., Faris, A. M., Abebe, G. K., Azmeraw, M., Alamaw, A. W., Zemariam, A. B., Kitaw, T. A., Kassaw, A., Wodaynew, T., et al. (2024) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000542392 · Cited by 66
The Relationship Between Negative Self-Concept, Trauma, and Maltreatment in Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis
Melamed, D., Botting, J., Lofthouse, K., Pass, L., & Meiser‐Stedman, R. (2024) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-024-00472-9 · Cited by 71
Depression, cardiometabolic disease, and their co-occurrence after childhood maltreatment: an individual participant data meta-analysis including over 200,000 participants
Souama, C., Lamers, F., Milaneschi, Y., Vinkers, C. H., Defina, S., Garvert, L., Stein, F., Woofenden, T., Brosch, K., Dannlowski, U., et al. (2023) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-023-02769-y · Cited by 58
Trauma exposure and mental health of prisoners and ex-prisoners: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Liu, H., Li, T. W., Liang, L., & Hou, W. K. (2021) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102069 · Cited by 70
Gender discrimination, victimisation and women's mental health
Hosang, G. M., & Bhui, K. S. (2018) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2018.244 · Cited by 60
What Do Four Decades of Research Tell Us About the Association Between Childhood Adversity and Psychosis: An Updated and Extended Multi-Level Meta-Analysis
Zhou, L., Sommer, I. E., Yang, P., Sikirin, L., van Os, J., Bentall, R. P., Varese, F., & Begemann, M. (2025) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.20240456 · Cited by 51
Gender differences in the associations between childhood adversity and psychopathology in the general population
Prachason, T., Mutlu, İ., Fusar‐Poli, L., Menne‐Lothmann, C., Decoster, J., van Winkel, R., Collip, D., Delespaul, P., Binder, M. D., Derom, C. A., et al. (2023) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-023-02546-5 · Cited by 51
Childhood maltreatment and disordered eating attitudes and behaviors in adult men and women:Findings from project EAT
Emery, R. L., Yoon, C. Y., Mason, S. M., & Neumark‐Sztainer, D. (2021) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2021.105224 · Cited by 53
Venus and Mars on the benches of the faculty: Influence of gender on mental health and behavior of medical students. Results from the BOURBON national study
Fond, G. B., Bourbon, A., Auquier, P., Micoulaud‐Franchi, J., Lançon, C., & Boyer, L. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.011 · Cited by 44
A two-hit adversity model in developing rats reveals sex-specific impacts on prefrontal cortex structure and behavior
Gildawie, K. R., Ryll, L. M., Hexter, J. C., Peterzell, S., Valentine, A. A., & Brenhouse, H. C. (2021) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100924 · Cited by 42
Examining the Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children in a Diverse Sample of Trauma-Exposed Adolescents
Morelli, N. M., Elson, D. M., Duong, J. B., Evans, M. C., & Villodas, M. T. (2020) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191120939158 · Cited by 40
Childhood trauma and food addiction: The role of emotion regulation difficulties and gender differences
Hoover, L. V., Yu, H. P., Duval, E. R., & Gearhardt, A. N. (2022) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2022.106137 · Cited by 44
Child maltreatment, anxiety and depression, and asthma among British adults in the UK Biobank
Han, Y., Yan, Q., Chen, W., & Celedon, J. C. (2022) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.03160-2021 · Cited by 36
Gender differences in the associations of adverse childhood experiences with depression and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Zhu, S., Cheng, S., Liu, W., Ma, J., Sun, W., Xiao, W., Liu, J., Thai, T. T., Shawi, A. F. A., Zhang, D., et al. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.02.074 · Cited by 37
Maltreatment exposure across childhood and low‐grade inflammation: Considerations of exposure type, timing, and sex differences
Ehrlich, K. B., Miller, G. E., Rogosch, F. A., & Cicchetti, D. (2020) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.22031 · Cited by 38
Association between First Sexual Intercourse and Sexual Violence Victimization, Symptoms of Depression, and Suicidal Behaviors among Adolescents in the United States: Findings from 2017 and 2019 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey
Baiden, P., Panisch, L. S., Kim, Y. J., LaBrenz, C. A., Kim, Y., & Onyeaka, H. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18157922 · Cited by 36
Childhood Left-Behind Experience and Employment Quality of New-Generation Migrants in China
Liu, J., Zheng, X., Parker, M., & Fang, X. (2020) · Population Research and Policy Review · doi:10.1007/s11113-020-09568-w · Cited by 33
Influence of Psychological Factors in Breast and Lung Cancer Risk – A Systematic Review
Pereira, M. A., Araújo, A., Simões, M., & da Costa, C. J. M. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.769394 · Cited by 34
Adolescent health outcomes: associations with child maltreatment and peer victimization
Salmon, S., Dávila, I. G., Taillieu, T., Stewart-Tufescu, A., Duncan, L., Fortier, J., Struck, S., Georgiades, K., MacMillan, H. L., Kimber, M., et al. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-13310-w · Cited by 34
Child Maltreatment in Western China: Demographic Differences and Associations with Mental Health
Zhou, Y., Liang, Y., Cheng, J., Zheng, H., & Liu, Z. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16193619 · Cited by 34
Depression Mediates the Relationship between Childhood Trauma and Internet Addiction in Female but Not Male Chinese Adolescents and Young Adults
Dong, X., Zhang, R., Zhornitsky, S., Le, T. M., Wang, W., Li, C. R., & Zhang, S. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10215015 · Cited by 33
Internet addiction, insomnia, and violence tendency in adolescents
Evli, M., Şimşek, N., Işıkgöz, M., & Öztürk, H. İ. (2022) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00207640221090964 · Cited by 36
Childhood maltreatment and adulthood victimization: An evidence-based model
Fereidooni, F., Daniels, J. K., Krause-Utz, A., Hagenaars, M. A., Smeets, T., Heins, J., Dorahy, M. J., van Emmerik, A., de Jong, P. J., Hoekstra, S., et al. (2023) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.10.007 · Cited by 30
A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of the Association Between Childhood Maltreatment and Adult Depression
Watson, C. B., Sharpley, C. F., Bitsika, V., Evans, I. D., & Vessey, K. A. (2025) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.13794 · Cited by 34
Transtorno de ansiedade generalizada entre estudantes de cursos de pré-vestibular
Schönhofen, F. D. L., Neiva-Silva, L., de Almeida, R. B., Vieira, M. E. C. D., & Demenech, L. M. (2020) · Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/0047-2085000000277 · Cited by 31
#patientstoo – Professional sexual misconduct by healthcare professionals towards patients: a representative study
Clemens, V., Brähler, E., & Fegert, J. M. (2021) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796021000378 · Cited by 31
A review of the 257 meta-analyses of the differences between females and males in prevalence and risk, protective factors, and treatment outcomes for mental disorder
Kayrouz, R., Karin, E., Staples, L., Dear, B. F., Nielssen, O. B., & Titov, N. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-06848-7 · Cited by 45
Adverse Childhood Experiences and the Onset of Aggression and Criminality in a Forensic Inpatient Sample
Stinson, J. D., Quinn, M., Menditto, A. A., & LeMay, C. C. (2021) · International Journal of Forensic Mental Health · doi:10.1080/14999013.2021.1895375 · Cited by 30
Parent-Child Relationship Quality, Childhood Maltreatment, and Psychological Symptoms in Chinese Adolescent
Jiang, Z., Xu, H., Wang, S., Gao, X., Li, S., Zhang, S., Tao, F., & Wan, Y. (2021) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605211035869 · Cited by 30
Sex specific effects of pre-pubertal stress on hippocampal neurogenesis and behaviour
Brydges, N. M., Moon, A. L., Rule, L., Watkin, H., Thomas, K. L., & Hall, J. (2018) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-018-0322-4 · Cited by 30
Anxiety and Depression Symptoms among Youth Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse: A Network Analysis
Li, J., Jin, Y., Xu, S., Luo, X., Wilson, A., Li, H., Wang, X., Sun, X., & Wang, Y. (2023) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-023-01275-3 · Cited by 29
A longitudinal study shows stress proliferation effects from early childhood adversity and recent stress on risk for depressive symptoms among older adults
Arpawong, T. E., Mekli, K., Lee, J., Phillips, D. F., Gatz, M., & Prescott, C. A. (2021) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2021.1904379 · Cited by 31
Altered centromedial amygdala functional connectivity in adults is associated with childhood emotional abuse and predicts levels of depression and anxiety
Luo, L., Yang, T., Zheng, X., Zhang, X., Gao, S., Li, Y., Stamatakis, E. A., Sahakian, B. J., Becker, B., Lin, Q., et al. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.02.023 · Cited by 30
Childhood Maltreatment in Bipolar Disorders
Étain, B., & Aas, M. (2020) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2020_149 · Cited by 27
Maternal Childhood Maltreatment Is Associated With Lower Infant Gray Matter Volume and Amygdala Volume During the First Two Years of Life
Khoury, J. E., Ahtam, B., Sisitsky, M. D., Ou, Y., Gagoski, B. A., Enlow, M. B., Teicher, M. H., Grant, P. E., & Lyons‐Ruth, K. (2021) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.09.005 · Cited by 26
Childhood adversity and depression in Chinese populations: A multilevel meta-analysis of studies using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ)
Lai, C.-L. J., Fan, Y., Man, H. Y., & Huang, Y. (2023) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103582 · Cited by 26
The importance of adverse childhood experiences for labour market trajectories over the life course: a longitudinal study
Hansen, C. D., Kirkeby, M. J., Kjelmann, K. G., Andersen, J. H., & Møberg, R. J. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-12060-5 · Cited by 24
A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Childhood Maltreatment on Elderly Depression
Wang, Y., Chen, X., Zhou, K., & Zhang, H. (2022) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380211073838 · Cited by 28
Mindful self-compassion intervention among young adults with a history of childhood maltreatment: Reducing psychopathological symptoms, shame, and self-criticism
Sajjadi, M., Noferesti, A., & Abbasi, M. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03761-0 · Cited by 26
The Importance of the 5Cs of Positive Youth Development to Depressive Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study with University Students from Peru and Spain
Millones, D. L. M., Gómez‐Baya, D., & Wiium, N. (2023) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs13030280 · Cited by 23
Emerging Adulthood and Prospective Depression: A Simultaneous Test of Cumulative Risk Theories
Cohen, J. R., Thomsen, K. N., Racioppi, A., Ballespí, S., Sheinbaum, T., Kwapil, T. R., & Neus Barrantes-vidal, A. (2019) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-019-01017-y · Cited by 24
Depressive symptoms, childhood maltreatment, and allostatic load: The importance of sex differences
O’Shields, J., & Gibbs, J. J. (2021) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105130 · Cited by 22
A life course perspective of victimization, child welfare involvement, cumulative stress and mental health for mothers on probation and parole
Fedock, G. L., Garthe, R. C., Sarantakos, S. P., Golder, S., Higgins, G. E., & Logan, T. (2018) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.10.007 · Cited by 22
Dimensions of childhood maltreatment and adult risky behaviors: Differential affective and inhibitory control mechanisms
Bounoua, N., & Sadeh, N. (2022) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105877 · Cited by 26
Ethnic and sex differences in the association of child maltreatment and depressed mood. The HELIUS study
Sunley, A. K., Lok, A., White, M. J., Snijder, M. B., van Zuiden, M., Zantvoord, J. B., & Derks, E. M. (2019) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104239 · Cited by 20
Why Brazilian women suffer more from depression and suicidal ideation: a mediation analysis of the role of violence
Carpena, M. X., Costa, F. D. S., Martins‐Silva, T., Xavier, M. O., & de Mola, C. L. (2020) · Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0572 · Cited by 25
Sex differences in the impact of childhood socioeconomic status on immune function
Gassen, J., White, J. D., Peterman, J. L., Mengelkoch, S., Leyva, R. P. P., Prokosch, M. L., Eimerbrink, M. J., Brice, K. N., Cheek, D. J., Boehm, G. W., et al. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-89413-y · Cited by 19
Internal Migration and Depression Among Junior High School Students in China: A Comparison Between Migrant and Left-Behind Children
Zheng, X., Zhang, Y., & Jiang, W. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.811617 · Cited by 20
To what extent do social support and mastery mediate the association between childhood maltreatment and depression? A sequential causal mediation analysis
Su, Y., Li, M., D’Arcy, C., Caron, J., O’Donnell, K. J., & Meng, X. (2022) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796022000609 · Cited by 20
Sex‐Specific Association Between Childhood Adversity and Accelerated Biological Aging
Yu, J., Pu, F., Yang, G., Hao, M., Zhang, H., Zhang, J., Cao, X., Zhu, L., Wan, Y., Wang, X., et al. (2024) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202309346 · Cited by 22
“It’s Complicated Because We’re Only Sixteen”: A Framework for Understanding Childhood Sexual Abuse Disclosures to Peers
Quian, N. M., Collin‐Vézina, D., Alaggia, R., & McElvaney, R. (2020) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260520933052 · Cited by 19
Interpersonal stress mediates the relationship between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms: Findings from two culturally different samples
Fung, H. W., Lam, S. K. K., Chien, W. T., Hung, S. L., Ling, H. W.-H., Lee, V. W. P., & Wang, E. K. S. (2022) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00048674221138501 · Cited by 18
Child abuse and wellbeing: Examining the roles of self-compassion and fear of self
Collins, S., Orth, T., Brunton, R., & Dryer, R. (2023) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106089 · Cited by 25
Sexual and physical abuse and depressive symptoms in the UK Biobank
Chaplin, A. B., Jones, P. B., & Khandaker, G. M. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03207-0 · Cited by 26
Internalizing Symptoms Among Youth in Foster Care: Prevalence and Associations with Exposure to Maltreatment
Moussavi, Y., Wergeland, G. J., Bøe, T., Haugland, B. S. M., Larsen, M., & Lehmann, S. (2021) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-020-01118-x · Cited by 19
Early adversity and the regulation of gene expression: implications for prenatal health
Gillespie, S. L., Cole, S. W., & Christian, L. M. (2019) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2019.02.005 · Cited by 17
Health Outcomes Following Childhood Maltreatment: An Examination of the Biopsychosocial Model
Watters, E. R., & Martin, G. C. (2021) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/08982643211003783 · Cited by 16
Violence against Children and Human Capital in South Africa
Zheng, X., Fang, X., Ugboke, H., & Fry, D. A. (2018) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-018-0008-y · Cited by 16
Gender differences in the interaction effect of cumulative risk and problem-focused coping on depression among adult employees
Chen, S.-M., & Sun, P.-Z. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0226036 · Cited by 17
Sex-dependent effects of early life stress on reinforcement learning and limbic cortico-striatal functional connectivity
Zühlsdorff, K., López‐Cruz, L., Dutcher, E. G., Jones, J. A., Pama, C., Sawiak, S. J., Khan, S. A., Milton, A. L., Robbins, T. W., Bullmore, E. T., et al. (2022) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100507 · Cited by 15
Child Maltreatment Characteristics and Adult Physical Multimorbidity in Germany
Otten, D., Schalinski, I., Fegert, J. M., Jud, A., Brähler, E., Bürgin, D., & Clemens, V. (2025) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.56050 · Cited by 14
Co-occurring opioid and sedative use disorder: Gender differences in use patterns and psychiatric co-morbidities in the United States
Ellis, J. D., Pittman, B. P., & McKee, S. A. (2020) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108012 · Cited by 14
Association between childhood maltreatment and empathy: A three-level meta-analytic review
Meng, X., Yu, D., Yijing, C. H. E. N., Zhang, L., & Fu, X. (2023) · Acta Psychologica Sinica · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1041.2023.01285 · Cited by 16
Childhood trauma histories in men and women assessed by the childhood attachment and relational trauma screen (CARTS) and the global psychotrauma screen (GPS): Results from the global collaboration on traumatic stress (GC-TS)
Frewen, P., Vincent, A., & Olff, M. (2024) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106610 · Cited by 14
Individuals with Major Depressive Disorder Report High Scores of Insecure-Avoidant and Insecure-Anxious Attachment Styles, Dissociative Identity Symptoms, and Adult Traumatic Events
Golshani, S., Najafpour, A., Hashemian, S. S., Goudarzi, N., Firoozabadi, A., Ghezelbash, S., Hookari, S., Firoozabadi, K., Dürsteler, K. M., Brühl, A. B., et al. (2021) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare9091169 · Cited by 20
Adverse Childhood Experiences: Mental Health Consequences and Risk Behaviors in Women and Men in Chile
Labbé, S. R., Santelices, M. P., Hamilton, J., & Velasco, C. (2022) · Children · doi:10.3390/children9121841 · Cited by 16
Gender dysphoria: prejudice from childhood to adulthood, but no impact on inflammation. A cross-sectional controlled study
Real, A. G., Fontanari, A. M. V., Costa, Â. B., Soll, B. M. B., Bristot, G., de Oliveira, L. F., Kamphorst, A. M., Schneider, M. A., & Lobato, M. I. R. (2021) · Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy · doi:10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0007 · Cited by 13
Internalizing Mental Health Disorders and Emotion Regulation: A Comparative and Mediational Study of Older Adults With and Without a History of Complex Trauma Exposure
Pfluger, V., Rohner, S. L., Eising, C. M., Maercker, A. R. A., & Thoma, M. V. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.820345 · Cited by 13
A hard pill to swallow? Parental health shocks and children's mental health
Glaser, F. B., & Pruckner, G. J. (2023) · Health Economics · doi:10.1002/hec.4752 · Cited by 12
Influences of sex and gender on the associations between risk and protective factors, brain, and behavior
Brosch, K., & Dhamala, E. (2024) · Biology of Sex Differences · doi:10.1186/s13293-024-00674-4 · Cited by 14
Kindesmisshandlung und deren Langzeitfolgen – Analyse einer repräsentativen deutschen Stichprobe
Witt, A., Brown, R. C., Plener, P. L., Brähler, E., Fegert, J. M., & Clemens, V. (2019) · Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie Psychologie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1661-4747/a000378 · Cited by 12
Does perceived emotional invalidation moderate the link between specific types of childhood traumas and emotion dysregulation in predicting psychological distress?
Rezaei, M., Paripishbar, Z., & Khazaei, S. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105673 · Cited by 11
Association between Childhood Maltreatment and Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Los Angeles
Wiss, D. A., Prelip, M. L., Upchurch, D. M., Ehrenstein, O. S. V., Tomiyama, A. J., Gorbach, P. M., & SHOPTAW, S. J. (2023) · Journal of Urban Health · doi:10.1007/s11524-023-00719-w · Cited by 12
Child abuse and neglect and mental health outcomes in adulthood by ethnicity: Findings from a 40-year longitudinal study in New Zealand/Aotearoa
Telfar, S., McLeod, G. F. H., Dhakal, B., Henderson, J. M. T., Tanveer, S., Broad, H. E. T., Woolhouse, W., Macfarlane, S., & Boden, J. M. (2023) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106444 · Cited by 17
Mapping resilience: a scoping review on mediators and moderators of childhood adversity with a focus on gender patterns
Bornscheuer, L., Gauffin, K., & Almquist, Y. B. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080259 · Cited by 15
Associations between childhood maltreatment and psychiatric disorders: analysis from electronic health records in Hong Kong
Wong, R. S. M., Tung, K. T. S., Ho, F. K. W., Lee, T. M. C., Chan, K. L., Bacon‐Shone, J., Coghill, D., Man, K. K. C., Sham, P. C., Wong, W. H. S., et al. (2022) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-022-01986-y · Cited by 13
Loneliness and coping skill mediate the association between child maltreatment and depression for rural males and females
Wang, M., Xu, M., & Sun, L. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04056-1 · Cited by 11
Long-term impact of exposure to violent conflict: Are there gender differences?
Islam, A., Mahanta, R., Mandal, R., Nath, H. K., Ouch, C., & Sarkar, D. (2023) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2023.02.011 · Cited by 15

Authors: Gallo, E. A. G., Munhoz, T. N., Loret de Mola, C., & Murray, J.
Affiliations: Universidade Federal de Pelotas (BR)
Corresponding author: Murray, Joseph
ORCID: Munhoz, Tiago Neuenfeld
Murray, Joseph
Venue: Child Abuse & Neglect
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2018-05
Volume: 79
Pages: 107-114
ISSN: 0145-2134 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.01.003
OpenAlex: W2790792517
Cited by: 279
References: 56
Citations by year: 2026: 28 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 6
FWCI: 3.88
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Child Abuse & Neglect (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Child Welfare and Adoption
Keywords: child abuse, gender differences, adult depression, generalized anxiety disorder, physical abuse, sexual abuse, childhood adversity, adolescent maltreatment, mental health outcomes
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Child Abuse, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Epidemiologic Methods, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Sex Factors, Adult Survivors of Child Abuse

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Gender differences in the effects of childhood maltreatment on adult depression and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks