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Cited by 578

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 223 of the 223 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Child maltreatment and depression: A meta-analysis of studies using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire

Open access
Humphreys, Kathryn L., LeMoult, Joelle, Wear, John G., Piersiak, Hannah A., Lee, Aaron, Gotlib, Ian H.·2020·Child Abuse & Neglect
DOI 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104361
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Abstract

Background Researchers have documented that child maltreatment is associated with adverse long-term consequences for mental health, including increased risk for depression. Attempts to conduct meta-analyses of the association between different forms of child maltreatment and depressive symptomatology in adulthood, however, have been limited by the wide range of definitions of child maltreatment in the literature. Objective We sought to meta-analyze a single, widely-used dimensional measure of child maltreatment, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, with respect to depression diagnosis and symptom scores. Participants and Setting: 192 unique samples consisting of 68,830 individuals. Methods We explored the association between total scores and scores from specific forms of child maltreatment (i.e., emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect) and depression using a random-effects meta-analysis. Results We found that higher child maltreatment scores were associated with a diagnosis of depression (g=1.07; 95% CI, 0.95−1.19) and with higher depression symptom scores (Z=.35; 95% CI, .32−.38). Moreover, although each type of child maltreatment was positively associated with depression diagnosis and scores, there was variability in the size of the effects, with emotional abuse and emotional neglect demonstrating the strongest associations. Conclusions These analyses provide important evidence of the link between child maltreatment and depression, and highlight the particularly larger association with emotional maltreatment in childhood.

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Day, 2013, Potential mediators between child abuse and both violence and victimization in juvenile offenders, Psychological services, 10, 1, 10.1037/a0028057 · doi:10.1037/a0028057
  2. Rose, 1992, Developmental predictors of depressive cognitive styles, Developmental Perspectives on Depression, 323

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Metadata

Authors
Humphreys, K. L., LeMoult, J., Wear, J. G., Piersiak, H. A., Lee, A., & Gotlib, I. H.
Venue
Child Abuse & Neglect
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2020-04
Volume
102
Pages
104361
ISSN
0145-2134 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104361
OpenAlex
W3005921704
Cited by
578
References
223
FWCI
6.18
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green
Licence
  • www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
  • www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Funders
  • Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
  • Canadian HIV Trials Network, Canadian Institutes of Health Research
  • Klingenstein Third Generation Foundation
  • Jacobs Foundation
  • Brain and Behavior Research Foundation
  • National Institute of Mental Health

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Child maltreatment and depression: A meta-analysis of studies using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104361
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Humphreys, K. L., LeMoult, J., Wear, J. G., Piersiak, H. A., Lee, A., & Gotlib, I. H. (2020). Child maltreatment and depression: A meta-analysis of studies using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Child Abuse & Neglect. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104361

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.