Building and utilising resilience: The challenges and coping mechanisms of care leavers in Ghana
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Individual, relational, and communal protective factors interact to contribute to resilience and well-being in care leavers.
“Individual (i.e., self-efficacy, emotional regulation, social competency), relational (i.e. sense of belonging, relationships), and communal protective factors (i.e. faith and community traditions, education) interact to contribute to resilience and well-being in care leavers (Bhargava et al., 2018; Frimpong-Manso, 2018; Gilligan, 2001; Perera, 2018; Refaeli, 2017; Sulimani-Aidan, 2017).”
From The relationship between spirituality and resilience and well-being: a study of 529 care leavers from 11 nations. (2023) · cites this paper as Frimpong-Manso, 2018
Social relationships, financial support, social environment, access to services, peer support, personal factors, and more have been shown to support better outcomes in care leavers.
“To date, social relationships, financial support, social environment, access to services, peer support, personal factors, and more (Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013; Frimpong-Manso, 2018; Scott et al., 2022; Sulimani-Aidan & Melkman, 2018; van Breda & Dickens, 2017) have been shown to support better outcomes in this population.”
From The relationship between spirituality and resilience and well-being: a study of 529 care leavers from 11 nations. (2023) · cites this paper as Frimpong-Manso, 2018
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Predictors of life satisfaction among care leavers: A mixed-method longitudinal study
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“Indeed, this has become a recent research focus (Bhargava et al., 2018; Frimpong-Manso, 2018; Perera, 2018; Refaeli, 2017; Sulimani-Aidan, 2017).”
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“The authors wish to thank Professor Adrian van Breda in the Social Work Department at the University of Johannesburg, Kwabena Frimpong-Manso in the Social Work Department at the University of Ghana, and Lee Loynes at Girls and Boys Town for their support for this research, as well as the fieldworkers who assisted with…”
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“Nascent Ghanaian research on leaving care indicates that care leavers experience stigma, unemployment, and housing problems, among others (Better Care Network & UNICEF, 2015; Castillo, Sarver, Bettmann, Mortensen, & Akuoko, 2012; Frimpong-Manso, 2012, 2018).”
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“The exceptions include a handful of sub-Saharan studies that focused on emerging adult resilience in the face or aftermath of care-leaving (Frimpong-Manso, 2018; Van Breda & Dickens, 2017; Van Breda & Hlungwani, 2019), communicable disease (Harper et al.”
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“This supports findings by Frimpong-Manso (2018) in Ghana and Mmusi (2013) in South Africa, who asserted that care leavers often rely on themselves after reintegration.”
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“( Maame, 23, Ghana) All the countries in the study are multi-lingual and some participants no longer spoke their birth family’s language.”
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“Drawing on prayer and spirituality was similar to Frimpong-Manso (2018) findings among care leavers in Ghana.”
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BackgroundMechanisms to Enhance Resilience and Post-traumatic Growth in Residential Care: a Narrative Review
Parry, S. L., Cox, N., Andriopoulou, P., Oldfield, J., Roscoe, S., Palumbo-Haswell, J., & Collins, S. (2022) · Adversity and Resilience Science · doi:10.1007/s42844-022-00074-w · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“The three studies that included only young adults in their sample involved care leavers rather than individuals who were currently receiving residential care (Frimpong-Manso, 2018; Refaeli, 2017; Van Breda & Hlungwani, 2019).”
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“The important role played by support can be seen in the fact that care leavers with greater social support achieve better outcomes in their adjustment to independent life (Frimpong-Manso, 2018; Hiles et al., 2013).”
BackgroundKelly, B., van Breda, A. V., & Frimpong-Manso, K. (2025) · Children and youth services review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108291 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationEducational Experiences of Care Leavers from Residential Care in Ghana
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“…China suggests that with regards to academic outcomes, young people who have been in care are not necessarily behind their non-care counterparts (Frimpong-Manso, 2018; Islam, 2013; Liu et al., 2020), evidence from countries like South Africa show less positive educational outcomes for care…”
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Provision of Transitional Housing: A Socially Sustainable Solution for Care Leavers in Zimbabwe
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“However, after the first year, care leavers who could not support themselves got kicked out of their apartments (Frimpong-Manso 2018).”
BackgroundCare leavers’ notions of the ‘ideal’ family in Zimbabwe
Gwenzi, G. D. (2022) · Journal of Family Studies · doi:10.1080/13229400.2022.2058411 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Previous studies have depicted care leavers as a vulnerable group, who struggle to make successful transitions from institutions to independence and adulthood (Frimpong-Manso, 2018; Mendes, 2009).”
BackgroundBukuluki, P., Frimpong‐Manso, K., & Kato, F. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824289-6.00018-0 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
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“Additionally, a study by Frimpong-Manso (2018) suggested that care provision should be extended beyond the age of 18.”
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“Many care-leaving studies have highlighted the need to increase efforts to prepare young people in care for independent adulthood (Frimpong-Manso, 2018; Palmer et al., 2022a; Van Breda et al., 2022).”
BackgroundLow psychological resilience as a reason of low academic performance in schoolchildren
Savitskaya, N. V., Krukovskaya, O. A., Ivolina, T. V., & Dedova, O. V. (2019) · Journal of Modern Foreign Psychology · doi:10.17759/jmfp.2019080107 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Who is going to help us?”: A qualitative study on young care leaver’s experiences in Iran
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“…unemployment, financial issues, lower achievements in education, housing insecurity, lack of social support as well as mental health issues (Brown et al., 2019; Clare et al., 2017; Frimpong-Manso, 2018; Hagleitner et al., 2022; Pritchard & Williams, 2009; Robson et al., 2008; Sulimani-Aidan, 2014).”
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“…particularly difficult and overwhelming process for care-leavers, combined with little family support, low educational achievement, limited life and social skills, and low emotional and behavioural maturity (Frimpong-Manso, 2018; Häggman-Laitila et al., 2018; Refaeli, 2017; Samuels & Pryce, 2008).”
Faith motifs in the constructions of family meanings by adults with care experience in Zimbabwe
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Diraditsile, K., & Mmeanyana, I. G. (2019) · African Journal of Social Work · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kaasinen, M., Terkamo‐Moisio, A., & Häggman‐Laitila, A. (2024) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2024.11.010 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Schwartz-Tayri, T. M., Kindler, T., & Sulimani‐Aidan, Y. (2024) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.108031 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Analysis of Coping Mechanisms on Student Resilience in Managing Academic Stress
Amalianita, B., Kusaini, U. N., Yulianti, Y., Zubaidah, Z., & Putri, Y. E. (2025) · International Journal of Education Culture and Society · doi:10.58578/ijecs.v3i1.4375 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Neville, S. E., Wakia, J., Hembling, J., Bradford, B., Kiandiko, M., Ochien'g, M. N. B., Apiyo, E., Karama, K., Kituku, A., Obuya, M., et al. (2025) · Child Protection and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100212 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…enjoy better material well-being in residential care (Embleton et al., 2014; James et al., 2017; James & Roby, 2019; Johnson & Vindrola-Padros, 2014; Ucembe, 2013) and report sometimes struggling with poverty after family reunification (Frimpong-Manso, 2018; Mahuntse, 2015; Walakira et al., 2022).”
Mupaku, W. M., & van Breda, A. D. P. (2024) · Social Work and Social Sciences Review · doi:10.1921/swssr22250 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mahamid, S., Elias, H., & Sulimani‐Aidan, Y. (2026) · Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10560-026-01085-7 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Research in Western societies has widely documented the challenges and inherent risks of leaving care, identifying care leavers as a marginalized population (e.g., Frimpong-Manso, 2018; Schwartz Tayri & Spiro, 2023).”
Wilke, N. G., Roberts, M., Newsom, L., Mitchell, T., & Howard, A. R. H. (2024) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci13100551 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Hlungwani, J., & van Breda, A. D. P. (2024) · International Journal of Child Youth and Family Studies · doi:10.18357/ijcyfs154202422218 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Globally, the transition of young people from alternative care to independent adulthood continues to receive attention in the literature (Frimpong-Manso, 2018; Takele & Kotecho, 2020; van Breda et al., 2020).”
Children in Social Work – Selected Problems of Social Work with Children Across the Europe
univerzita, T., univerzita, T., & univerzita, T. (2020) · Trnava University in Trnava, Slovakia Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Work eBooks · doi:10.31262/978-80-568-0309-7/2020
Gwenzi, G. D. (2023) · Palgrave Macmillan studies in family and intimate life · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-23375-3_1
Reuben, S. (2024) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107798
Frimpong‐Manso, K., & Bosomprah, E. K. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780197758847.003.0007
Self-citationNeville, S. E., Collier, K. M., Klein, E. K., Wakia, J., Hembling, J., Bradford, B., Kiandiko, M., Kituku, A., Obuya, M., Nyabola, N., et al. (2025) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108719
Facilitating career development among care leavers: insights from an employment program
Melkman, E., Schuman-Harel, N., & Refaeli, T. (2026) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2026.108981
Mahamid, S., Elias, H., & Sulimani‐Aidan, Y. (2026) · Child & Family Social Work · doi:10.1111/cfs.70203
Otherwise engaged? Learning from non‐participation in research with care‐experienced students
Shotton, L. H., Disney, T., Carrick, A., & Thurman, L. (2026) · British Educational Research Journal · doi:10.1002/berj.70236
Young People’s Perceptions of Preparedness for Leaving Care: A Mixed Methods Study
Frimpong‐Manso, K., & Norman, Y. (2026) · Child & Family Social Work · doi:10.1111/cfs.70256
Self-citationSevillano-Monje, V., & Padilla-Carmona, T. (2026) · Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10560-026-01168-5
Kumador, D. K., Nyarko, N. Y., Mahama, S., Tutu, C. O., Koranteng, A. F., Appiadu, D., Gadegbeku, C., Wiafe, E., Tagoe, K., Afutu, S., et al. (2026) · Child & Family Social Work · doi:10.1111/cfs.70279
- Authors
- Frimpong-Manso, K.
- Venue
- Children and Youth Services Review
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-04
- Volume
- 87
- Pages
- 52-59
- ISSN
- 0190-7409 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2792385494
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 9.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Children and Youth Services Review (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Homelessness and Social Issues
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
- Keywords
- care leavers, resilience, coping strategies, residential care, orphanages, youth employment, housing, social integration, social support, self-reliance, stigma, protective factors, risk factors, Ghana
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