CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 81Child Welfare and AdoptionPsychiatric care and mental health servicesPsychotherapy Techniques and Applications

Determinants and outcomes of social climate in therapeutic residential youth care: A systematic review

Open access
Leipoldt, Jonathan D., Harder, Annemiek T., Kayed, Nanna S., Grietens, Hans, Rimehaug, Tormod·2019·Children and Youth Services Review
DOI 10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.02.010
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Background Previous studies on effectiveness of therapeutic residential youth care (TRC) have indicated that, compared to short-term effects, long-term effects are less convincing. Moreover, there is limited evidence on how TRC achieves treatment goals: TRC remains too much of a “black box”. To gain durable treatment results we need to know more about how results are achieved, rather than investigating the achieved results itself. One of the factors associated with this process of change is the social climate within TRC institutions. Up until now, no literature reviews about how social climate is affected by institution and youth characteristics, and how social climate affects outcomes has been performed. Objective To provide an overview of the literature on associations between determinants and social climate and between social climate and outcomes in TRC. Method We searched multiple databases with a predetermined set of search criteria in the years 1990 and March 2017. We identified 8408 studies and reduced the final sample to 36 studies. Most studies were empirical assessments with a correlational design and were conducted in Western countries. Results Effect sizes for the studies ranged from small to large and varied between and within studies. Most associations were found between social climate and positive outcomes. The most mentioned social climate constructs were: an open climate, support, and autonomy. Conclusions The results are challenging to summarize due to variations in the concepts and operationalizations of social climate. The organizational culture must support a social climate which is supportive, structured and caring, and provide youth with an environment to grow. A positive social climate must constantly be evaluated and recreated based on combining the perspectives of residents, staff and external perspectives.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.02.010

Cites

3 of 3 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Leipoldt et al. (2019) found that a smaller size of facility creates more space for a constructive focus on behavioural issues.

    “Leipoldt et al. (2019) finding that a smaller size of facility creates more space for a constructive focus on behavioural issues.”

    From Residential care as an alternative care option: A review of literature within a global context (2022) · cites this paper as Leipoldt et al. (2019)

    The Discussion (p. 8) says that small program size, structure, daily routines, and incident protocols are related to a positive social climate, and that these program aspects create more space to focus constructively on behavioural problems. It does not establish that smaller facility size alone creates that space. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 88

  1. Ainsworth, F., & Fulcher, L. C. (2006). Chapter 7. Creating and sustaining a culture of group care. Child & Youth Services, 28 , 151-176. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0005)
  2. Anglin, J. P. (2002). Creating an extrafamilial living environment: The overall task of a group home. Child & Youth Services, 24 , 79-105. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0010)
  3. Attar-Schwartz, S. (2011). Maltreatment by staff in residential care facilities: The adolescents' perspectives. Social Service Review, 85 , 635-664. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0015)
  4. Attar-Schwartz, S. (2013). Runaway behavior among adolescents in residential care: The role of personal characteristics, victimization experiences while in care, social climate, and institutional factors. Children and Youth Services Review, 35 , 258-267. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0020)
  5. Attar-Schwartz, S. (2017). Experiences of victimization by peers and staff in residential care for children at risk in Israel from an ecological perspective. In A. V. Rus, S. R. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0025)
  6. Barton, W. H., & Mackin, J. R. (2012). Towards a strength-based juvenile correctional facility: Sustainability and effects of an institutional transformation. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 51 , 435-452. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0030)
  7. Barton, W. H., Mackin, J. R., & Fields, J. (2008). Assessing youth strengths in a residential juvenile correctional program. Residential Treatment for Children & Youth, 23 , 11-36. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0035)
  8. Bastiaanssen, I. L. W., Kroes, G., Nijhof, K. S., Delsing, M. J. M. H., Engels, R. C. M. E., & Veerman, J. (2012). Measuring group care worker interventions in residential youth care. Child & Youth Care Forum, 41 , 447-460. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-0129176-8. · DOI
  9. Bollinger, J. (2017). Examining the complexity of placement stability in residential out of home care in Australia: How important is it for facilitating good outcomes for young people? Scottish Journal of Residential Child Care, 16 (2), 1-15. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0045)
  10. Brunt, D., & Hansson, L. (2002a). Characteristics of the social environment of small group homes for individuals with severe mental illness. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 56 (1), 39-46. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0050)
  11. Brunt, D., & Hansson, L. (2002b). A comparison of the psychosocial environment of two types of residences for persons with severe mental illness: Small congregate community residences and psychiatric inpatient settings. The International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 48 , 243-252. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0055)
  12. Brunt, D., & Rask, M. (2012). A suggested revision of the community oriented program environmental scale (COPES) for measuring the psychosocial environment of supported housing facilities for persons with psychiatric disabilities. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 33 , 24-31. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0060)
  13. Caldwell, B., & Rejino, E. (1993). Ensuring that all children and adolescents in residential treatment live in a protected, safe environment. Residential Treatment for Children & Youth, 11 , 49-62. https://doi.org/10.1300/J007v11n01\_04. · DOI
  14. Cheung, C., Lwin, K., & Jenkins, J. M. (2012). Helping youth in care succeed: Influence of caregiver involvement on academic achievement. Children and Youth Services Review, 34 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.01.033 1092-1100. doi:doi.org/. · DOI
  15. Chipenda-Dansokho, S. (2003). The determinants and influence of size on residential settings for children. International Journal of Child and Family Welfare, 6 , 66-76. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0075)
  16. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power and analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0080)
  17. Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112 , 155-159. https://doi.org/ 10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155. · DOI · Paper page
  18. Creedy, D., & Crowe, M. (1996). Establishing a therapeutic milieu with adolescents. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 5 (2), 84-89. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0090)
  19. Daly, D. L., & Dowd, T. P. (1992). Characteristics of effective, harm-free environments for children in out-of-home care. Child Welfare: Journal of Policy, Practice, and Program, 71 , 487-496. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0095)
  20. Daly, D. L., Huefner, J. C., Bender, K. R., Davis, J. L., Whittaker, J. K., & Thompson, R. W. (2018). Quality care in therapeutic residential programs: Definition, evidence for effectiveness, and quality standards. Residential Treatment for Children & Youth, 35 , 242-262. https://doi.org/10.1080/0886571X.2018.1478240. · DOI
  21. De Swart, J., Van den Broek, H., Stams, G., Asscher, J., Van der Laan, P., HolsbrinkEngels, G., & Van der Helm, G. (2012). The effectiveness of institutional youth care over the past three decades: A meta-analysis. Children and Youth Services Review, 34 , 1818-1824. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0105)
  22. De Valk, S., Van der Helm, G. H. P., Beld, M., Schaftenaar, P., Kuiper, C., & Stams, G. J. J. M. (2015). Does punishment in secure residential youth care work? An overview of the evidence. Journal of Children's Services, 10 (1), 3-16. https://doi.org/10.1108/ JCS-11-2014-0048.
  23. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York, NY: Plenum. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0115)
  24. Dill, K., Flynn, R. J., Hollingshead, M., & Fernandes, A. (2012). Improving the educational achievement of young people in out-of-home care. Children and Youth Services Review, 34 , 1081-1083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.01.031. · DOI
  25. Eltink, E. M. A., Van der Helm, G. H. P., Wissink, I. B., & Stams, G. J. M. (2015). The relation between living group climate and reactions to social problem situations in detained adolescents: 'I stabbed him because he looked mean at me'. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 14 , 101-109. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0135)
  26. Feagans, L. (1974). Ecological theory as a model for constructing a theory of emotional disturbance. In W. Rhodes, & M. Tracy (Eds.). A study of child variance (pp. 323-390). Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0140)
  27. Frensch, K. M., & Cameron, G. (2002). Treatment of choice or a last resort? A review of residential mental health placements for children and youth. Child & Youth Care Forum, 31 , 307-339. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0145)
  28. Glisson, C., Green, P., & Williams, N. J. (2012). Assessing the organizational social context (OSC) of child welfare systems: Implications for research and practice. Child Abuse & Neglect, 36 , 621-632. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(98)00005-2. · DOI · Paper page
  29. Grietens, H. (2002). Evaluating the effects of residential treatment for juvenile offenders: A review of meta-analytic studies. International Journal of Child and Family Welfare, 5 , 129-140. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0155)
  30. Hair, H. J. (2005). Outcomes for children and adolescents after residential treatment: A review of research from 1993 to 2003. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 14 , 551-575. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0160)
  31. Handwerk, M. L., Friman, P. C., Mott, M. A., & Stairs, J. M. (1998). The relationship between program restrictiveness and youth behavior problems. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 6 , 170-179. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0165)
  32. Hannes, K., Lockwood, C., & Pearson, A. (2010). A comparative analysis of three online appraisal instruments' ability to assess validity in qualitative research. Qualitative Health Research, 20 , 1736-1743. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732310378656. · DOI
  33. Harder, A. T., & Knorth, E. J. (2015). Uncovering what is inside the 'black box' of effective therapeutic residential youth care. In J. K. Whittaker, J. F. del Valle, & L. Holmes (Eds.). Therapeutic residential care with children and youth: Developing evidence-based international practice (pp. 217-228). London/Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0175)
  34. Heynen, E. J. E., Van der Helm, P., & Stams, G. J. J. M. (2017). Treatment motivation and living group climate in German youth Prison-A validation of the German adolescent treatment motivation questionnaire. Residential Treatment for Children & Youth, 34 , 49-60. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0180)
  35. Hoag, M. J., Primus, E. A., Taylor, N. T., & Burlingame, G. M. (1996). Pretraining with adolescents in group psychotherapy: A special case of therapist iatrogenic effects. Journal of Child & Adolescent Group Therapy, 6 , 119-133. https://doi.org/10.1007/ BF02548491.
  36. Ilgen, M. A., & Moos, R. H. (2006). Exacerbation of psychiatric symptoms during substance use disorder treatment. Psychiatric Services, 67 , 1758-1764. https://doi.org/ 10.1176/ps.2006.57.12.1758. · DOI
  37. Jordan, N., Leon, S. C., Epstein, R. A., Durkin, E., Helgerson, J., & Lakin-Starr, B. (2009). Effect of organizational climate on youth outcomes in residential treatment. Residential Treatment for Children & Youth, 26 , 194-208. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0200)
  38. Khoury-Kassabri, M., & Attar-Schwartz, S. (2014). Adolescents' reports of physical violence by peers in residential care settings: An ecological examination. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 29 , 659-682. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260513505208. · DOI
  39. Knekt, P., Virtala, E., Härkänen, T., Vaarama, M., Lehtonen, J., & Lindfors, O. (2016). The outcome of short-and long-term psychotherapy 10 years after start of treatment. Psychological Medicine, 46 , 1175-1188. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0210)
  40. [Knorth, E. J. (2003). De black box van de residentiële jeugdzorg geopend? [the black box opened for residential youth care?] Kind En Adolescent. Vol. 24 , 102-104.](http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(18)30998-8/rf0215)
  41. Knorth, E. J., Harder, A. T., Zandberg, T., & Kendrick, A. J. (2008). Under one roof: A review and selective meta-analysis on the outcomes of residential child and youth care. Children and Youth Services Review, 30 , 123-140. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0220)
  42. Lanctôt, N., Lemieux, A., & Mathys, C. (2016). The value of a safe, connected social climate for adolescent girls in residential care. Residential Treatment for Children & Youth, 33 , 247-269. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0225)
  43. Langdon, P. E., Cosgrave, N., & Tranah, T. (2004). Social climate within an adolescent medium-secure facility. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 48 , 504-515. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X03261559. · DOI
  44. Leipoldt, J. D., Kayed, N. S., Harder, A. T., Grietens, H., & Rimehaug, T. (2018). Refining the COPES to measure social climate in therapeutic residential youth care. Child & Youth Care Forum, 47 , 173-197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-017-9424-z. · DOI
  45. Letts, L., Wilkins, S., Law, M., Stewart, D., Bosch, J., & Westmorland, M. (2007). Critical review form - qualitative studies (version 2.0). Retrieved from https://canchild.ca/ system/tenon/assets/attachments/000/000/359/original/qualform.pdf.
  46. Libby, A. M., Coen, A. S., Price, D. A., Silverman, K., & Orton, H. D. (2005). Inside the black box: What constitutes a day in a residential treatment Centre? International Journal of Social Welfare, 14 , 176-183. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0250)
  47. Marsh, S. C., Evans, W. P., & Williams, M. J. (2010). Social support and sense of program belonging discriminate between youth-staff relationship types in juvenile correction settings. Child & Youth Care Forum, 39 , 481-494. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0255)
  48. Mathys, C. (2017). Effective components of interventions in juvenile justice facilities: How to take care of delinquent youths? Children and Youth Services Review, 73 , 319-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.01.007. · DOI
  49. Mesman Schultz, K. (1992). Social climate, client satisfaction and quality of residential treatment programs. In J. D. Van der Ploeg, M. van den Bergh, M. Klomp, E. J. Knorth, & M. Smit (Eds.). Vulnerable youth in residential care part I: Social competence, social support and social climate (pp. 249-260). (Leuven/Apeldoorn: Garant). http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0265)
  50. Minor, K. I., Wells, J. B., & Jones, B. (2004). Staff perceptions of the work environment in juvenile group home settings: A study of social climate. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 38 (3), 17-30. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0270)
  51. Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & The PRISMA Group (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine, 6 , e1000097. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097. · DOI · Paper page
  52. Moore, T., McArthur, M., Death, J., Tilbury, C., & Roche, S. (2018). Sticking with us through it all: The importance of trustworthy relationships for children and young people in residential care. Children and Youth Services Review, 84 , 68-75. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.10.043. · DOI
  53. Moos, R. H. (1974). Evaluating treatment environments: A social ecological approach. NY, New York: Wiley. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0285)
  54. Moos, R. H. (2009). Community oriented programs environment scale manual: Fourth edition. Menlo Park, CA: Mind Garden. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0295)
  55. Moos, R. H. (2012). Evaluating the environments of residential care settings. Therapeutic http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0300)
  56. Communities: The International Journal of Therapeutic Communities, 33 (2/3), 76-85. Moos, R. H., & Lemke, S. (1996). Evaluating residential facilities. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  57. Mota, C. P., & Matos, P. M. (2015). Adolescents in institutional care: Significant adults, http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0310) resilience and well-being. Child & Youth Care Forum, 44 , 209-224. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0310)
  58. Murray, H. A. (1938). Explorations in personality. Oxford: Oxford University Press. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0315)
  59. Palareti, L., & Berti, C. (2010). Relational climate and effectiveness of residential care: Adolescent perspectives. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 38 (1), 26-40. https://doi.org/10.1080/10852350903393426. · DOI
  60. Picardi, A., De Girolamo, G., Santone, G., Falloon, I., Fioritti, A., Micciolo, R., ... Zanalda, E. (2006). The environment and staff of residential facilities: Findings from the italian 'Progres' national survey. Community Mental Health Journal, 42 , 263-279. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0325)
  61. Pinchover, S., & Attar-Schwartz, S. (2014). Institutional social climate and adjustment difficulties of adolescents in residential care: The mediating role of victimization by peers. Children and Youth Services Review, 44 , 393-399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. childyouth.2014.07.005. · DOI
  62. Rivard, J. C., Bloom, S. L., McCorkle, D., & Abramovitz, R. (2005). Preliminary results of a study examining the implementation and effects of a trauma recovery framework for youths in residential treatment. Therapeutic Communities, 26 (1), 79-92. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0335)
  63. Schalast, N., Redies, M., Collins, M., Stacey, J., & Howells, K. (2008). EssenCES, a short questionnaire for assessing the social climate of forensic psychiatric wards. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 18 , 49-58. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0340)
  64. Scherrer, J. L. (1994). A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of residential treatment programs for children and adolescents. (Doctoral Dissertation). http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0345)
  65. Scholte, E. M., & van der Ploeg, J. D. (2000). Exploring factors governing successful residential treatment of youngsters with serious behavioural difficulties: Findings from a longitudinal study in Holland. Childhood, 7 (2), 129-153. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 0907568200007002002.
  66. Sekol, I. (2016). Bullying in adolescent residential care: The influence of the physical and social residential care environment. Child & Youth Care Forum, 45 , 409-431. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0355)
  67. Shamseer, L., Moher, D., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., ... PRISMA-P Group (2015). Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: Elaboration and explanation. BMJ, 349 (g7647), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g7647. · DOI · Paper page
  68. Southwell, J., & Fraser, E. (2010). Young people's satisfaction with residential care: Identifying strengths and weaknesses in service delivery. Child Welfare, 89 , 209-228. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0365)
  69. Stern, G. G. (1970). People in context: Measuring person-environment congruence in education and industry. New York, NY: Wiley. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0370)
  70. Strijbosch, E. L. L., Van der Helm, G. H. P., van Brandenburg, M. E. T., Mecking, M., Wissink, I. B., & Stams, G. J. J. M. (2014). Children in residential care: Development and validation of a group climate instrument. Research on Social Work Practice, 24 , 462-469. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0375)
  71. Timko, C., Moos, R. H., & Finney, J. W. (2000). Models of matching patients and treatment programs. In W. B. Walsh, R. H. Price, & K. H. Craik (Eds.). Person-environment psychology: New directions and perspectives (pp. 169-196). . http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0380)
  72. Tonkin, M. (2015). A review of questionnaire measures for assessing the social climate in prisons and forensic psychiatric hospitals. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 60 , 1376-1405. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0385)
  73. Towberman, D. B. (1992). Client-counselor similarity and the client's perception of the treatment environment. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 18 , 159-172. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0390)
  74. Van der Helm, G. H. P. (2011). First do no harm: Living group climate in secure juvenile correctional institutions. Amsterdam: Uitgeverij SPW. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0395)
  75. Van der Helm, G. H. P., Klapwijk, M., Stams, G., & van der Laan, P. (2009). 'What works' http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0400) for juvenile prisoners: The role of group climate in a youth prison. Journal of Children's Services, 4 (2), 36-48. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0400)
  76. Van der Helm, G. H. P., Matthys, W., Moonen, X., Giesen, N., van Der Heide, E., & Stams, G. J. J. M. (2013). Measuring inappropriate responses of adolescents to problematic social situations in secure institutional and correctional youth care: A validation study of the TOPS-A. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 28 , 1579-1595. https://doi. org/10.1177/0886260512468322. · DOI
  77. Van der Helm, G. H. P., Stams, G. J., & Van der Laan, P. (2011). Measuring group climate in prison. The Prison Journal, 91 , 158-176. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 0032885511403595.
  78. Van der Helm, G. H. P., Stams, G. J., Van der Stel, J. C., Van Langen, M. A., & Van der Laan, P. H. (2012). Group climate and empathy in a sample of incarcerated boys. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 56 , 1149-1160. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X11421649. · DOI
  79. Van der Helm, G. H. P., Wissink, I. B., De Jongh, T., & Stams, G. J. J. M. (2012). Measuring treatment motivation in secure juvenile facilities. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 57 , 996-1008. https://doi.org/10. 1177/0306624X12443798.
  80. Van der Helm, P., Beunk, L., Stams, G., & Van der Laan, P. (2014). The relationship between detention length, living group climate, coping, and treatment motivation among juvenile delinquents in a youth correctional facility. The Prison Journal, 94 , 260-275. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885514524884. · DOI
  81. Van der Helm, P., Boekee, I., Stams, G. J., & Van der Laan, P. (2011). Fear is the key: Keeping the balance between flexibility and control in a dutch youth prison. Journal of Children's Services, 6 , 248-263. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0430)
  82. Van der Helm, P., Stams, G., Van Genabeek, M., & Van der Laan, P. (2012). Group climate, personality, and self-reported aggression in incarcerated male youth. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 23 (1), 23-39. https://doi.org/10.1080/14789949. 2011.633615. · DOI
  83. [Van Yperen, T., Van der Steege, M., Addink, A., & Boendermaker, L. (2010). Algemeen en specifiek werkzame factoren in de jeugdzorg. [Common and specific factors in youth care]. Utrecht: Nederlands Jeugdinstituut .](http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(18)30998-8/rf0440)
  84. Verheul, W., Sanders, A., & Bensing, J. (2010). The effects of physicians' affect-oriented communication style and raising expectations on analogue patients' anxiety, affect and expectancies. Patient Education and Counseling, 80 , 300-306. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.pec.2010.06.017.
  85. Whittaker, J. K., Del Valle, J. F., & Holmes, L. (Eds.). (2015). Therapeutic residential care with children and youth: Developing evidence-based international practice . London and Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0450)
  86. Whittaker, J. K., Holmes, L., del Valle, J. F., Ainsworth, F., Andreassen, T., Anglin, J., & Zeira, A. (2016). Therapeutic residential care for children and youth: A consensus statement of the international work group on therapeutic residential care. Residential Treatment for Children & Youth, 33 , 89-106. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0190-7409(1830998-8/rf0455)
  87. Wolf, D. A. P. S., Dulmus, C. N., Maguin, E., & Cristalli, M. (2014). Do organizational culture and climate matter for successful client outcomes? Research on Social Work Practice, 24 , 670-675. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731513506616. · DOI
  88. Yalom, I. D. (1995). The theory and practice of group psychology (4th ed.). New York, NY: Basic Books.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Leipoldt, J. D., Harder, A. T., Kayed, N. S., Grietens, H., & Rimehaug, T.
Affiliations
  • University of Groningen (NL)
  • Erasmus University Rotterdam (NL)
  • Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
Corresponding author
Leipoldt, Jonathan D.
ORCID
Venue
Children and Youth Services Review
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2019-04
Volume
99
Pages
429-440
ISSN
0190-7409 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.02.010
OpenAlex
W2912566142
Cited by
81
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 1
FWCI
2.01
Type
journal article
Language
en
Update notices
erratum (2020-12-01)
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Children and Youth Services Review (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
  • Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Safety Research › Child Welfare and Adoption
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Keywords
social climate, organizational culture, support, autonomy, long-term treatment outcomes, youth characteristics, care homes, change processes

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review