One-step in-syringe ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction
Abstract
Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) has been proved to be a powerful tool for the rapid sample treatment of liquid samples providing at the same time high enrichment factors and extraction recoveries. A new, simple and easy to handle one step in-syringe set-up for DLLME is presented and critically discussed in this paper. The novel approach avoids the centrifugation step, typically off-line and time consuming, opening-up a new horizon on DLLME automation. The suitability of the proposal is evaluated by means of the determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in urine by liquid chromatography/ultraviolet detection. In the presented approach an ionic liquid is used as extractant. The target drugs can be determined in urine within the concentration range 0.02-10 microg mL(-1), allowing their determination at therapeutic and toxic levels. Limits of detection were in the range from 8.3 ng mL(-1) (indomethacin) to 32 ng mL(-1) (ketoprofen). The repeatability of the proposed method expressed as RSD (n=5) varied between 2.5% (for ketoprofen) and 8.6% (for indomethacin).
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DLLME has been applied not only to water samples but also to more complex matrices such as honey, urine, and pig muscle.
“As can be seen, not only water samples have been analyzed [17,69,70] but also more complex ones {e.g., honey [68,71], urine [65,72,73] and pig muscle [58]}.”
From Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for determination of organic analytes (2010) · cites this paper as [65]
Pharmaceuticals are an important group of analytes that have been the objective of DLLME procedures, including antibiotics, tricyclic antidepressant drugs, clenbuterol, hypnotic drugs, psychotropic drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, and cholesterol-lowering agents.
“Another important group of analytes that have been the objective of DLLME procedures are pharmaceuticals (see Table 2) {e.g., antibiotics [58,68,71], tricyclic antidepressant drugs [69], clenbuterol [70], hypnotic drugs [72], psychotropic drugs [73], anti-inflammatory drugs [65] and cholesterol lowering agents [17]}.”
From Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for determination of organic analytes (2010) · cites this paper as [65]
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- Authors
- Cruz-Vera, M., Lucena, R., Cárdenas, S., & Valcárcel, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Córdoba (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Valcárcel, Miguel
- Venue
- Journal of Chromatography A
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-09
- Volume
- 1216
- Issue
- 37
- Pages
- 6459-6465
- ISSN
- 0021-9673 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1965313956
- Cited by
- 154
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 18.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Chromatography A (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Analytical chemistry methods development
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Analytical Methods in Pharmaceuticals
- Keywords
- dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, ionic liquids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, urine analysis, indomethacin, ketoprofen, therapeutic drug monitoring
- MeSH terms
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Humans, Microchemistry, Solvents, Ionic Liquids, Analytic Sample Preparation Methods
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