The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The standardized EEG electrode array of the IFCN
Open accessAbstract
Standardized EEG electrode positions are essential for both clinical applications and research. The aim of this guideline is to update and expand the unifying nomenclature and standardized positioning for EEG scalp electrodes. Electrode positions were based on 20% and 10% of standardized measurements from anatomical landmarks on the skull. However, standard recordings do not cover the anterior and basal temporal lobes, which is the most frequent source of epileptogenic activity. Here, we propose a basic array of 25 electrodes including the inferior temporal chain, which should be used for all standard clinical recordings. The nomenclature in the basic array is consistent with the 10-10-system. High-density scalp EEG arrays (64-256 electrodes) allow source imaging with even sub-lobar precision. This supplementary exam should be requested whenever necessary, e.g. search for epileptogenic activity in negative standard EEG or for presurgical evaluation. In the near future, nomenclature for high density electrodes arrays beyond the 10-10 system needs to be defined, to allow comparison and standardized recordings across centers. Contrary to the established belief that smaller heads needs less electrodes, in young children at least as many electrodes as in adults should be applied due to smaller skull thickness and the risk of spatial aliasing.
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“A recent guideline of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology suggests at least 64 channels of EEG should be used for ESI (20).”
From Electrophysiological source imaging: A noninvasive window to brain dynamics (2018) · cites this paper as [20]
Citations
Cites
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Self-citationKlem, G. H., Lüders, H. O., Jasper, H. H., & Elger, C. E. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 2,361
Dale, A. M., & Sereno, M. I. (1993) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.1993.5.2.162 · Cited by 2,003
The five percent electrode system for high-resolution EEG and ERP measurements
Oostenveld, R., & Praamstra, P. (2001) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(00)00527-7 · Cited by 1,915
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Electroencephalographic source imaging: a prospective study of 152 operated epileptic patients
Brodbeck, V., Spinelli, L., Lascano, A. M., Wissmeier, M., Vargas, M.-I., Vulliemoz, S., Pollo, C., Schaller, K., Michel, C. M., & Seeck, M. (2011) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awr243 · Cited by 427
Self-citationEpileptic source localization with high density EEG: how many electrodes are needed?
Lantz, G., Grave de Peralta, R., Spinelli, L., Seeck, M., & Michel, C. M. (2003) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(02)00337-1 · Cited by 413
Self-citationSpatial spectra of scalp EEG and EMG from awake humans
Freeman, W., Holmes, M., Burke, B. C., & Vanhatalo, S. (2003) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(03)00045-2 · Cited by 379
Electric Dipole Tracing in the Brain by Means of the Boundary Element Method and Its Accuracy
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Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Jasper, 1958, The ten-twenty electrode system, Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol, 16, 371
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EEG Source Imaging: A Practical Review of the Analysis Steps
Michel, C. M., & Brunet, D. (2019) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00325 · Cited by 716
“It has therefore been recommended that at least 3 inferior electrodes on each side should be added to the standard 10–20 system in clinical routine (64).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSystematic Review on Resting-State EEG for Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis and Progression Assessment
Cassani, R., Estarellas, M., San-Martin, R., Fraga, F. J., & Falk, T. H. (2018) · Disease Markers · doi:10.1155/2018/5174815 · Cited by 415
“Regarding electrode layout, 107 studies used the 10-20 international positioning system (and its variations, 10-10 or 10-5 systems) or the Maudsley system; the remaining five studies [77, 98, 99, 124, 128] acquired EEG signals with 110 or more electrodes using the geodesic system.”
MethodElectrophysiological source imaging: A noninvasive window to brain dynamics
He, B., Sohrabpour, A., Brown, E., & Liu, Z. (2018) · Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1146/annurev-bioeng-062117-120853 · Cited by 297
“A recent guideline of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology suggests at least 64 channels of EEG should be used for ESI (20).”
Self-citationBabiloni, C., Barry, R. J., Başar, E., Blinowska, K. J., Cichocki, A. S., Drinkenburg, W. H. I. M., Klimesch, W., Knight, R. T., Lopes, F. H. D. S., Nunez, P. L., et al. (2019) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2019.06.234 · Cited by 336
Electrophysiological Brain Connectivity: Theory and Implementation
He, B., Astolfi, L., Valdes-Sosa, P. A., Marinazzo, D., Palva, S., Bénar, C., Michel, C. M., & Koenig, T. W. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2019.2913928 · Cited by 242
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Metadata
- Authors
- Seeck, M., Koessler, L., Bast, T., Leijten, F., Michel, C., Baumgartner, C., He, B., & Beniczky, S.
- Affiliations
- University Hospital of Geneva (CH)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Diakonie Kork (DE)
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- University of Geneva (CH)
- Sigmund Freud Privatuniversität Wien (AT)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Seeck, Margitta
- ORCID
- Venue
- Clinical Neurophysiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-10
- Volume
- 128
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2070-2077
- ISSN
- 1388-2457 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2735688622
- Cited by
- 489
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 47 · 2025: 79 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 66 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 3.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Clinical Neurophysiology (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (submittedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Swiss National Science Foundation (140332)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Epilepsy research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › ECG Monitoring and Analysis
- Keywords
- high-density EEG, epileptogenic activity, preoperative assessment, pediatric EEG, spatial aliasing, skull thickness, anatomical landmarks
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Brain, Electrodes, Electroencephalography, Humans, Scalp, Skull
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