Electric Dipole Tracing in the Brain by Means of the Boundary Element Method and Its Accuracy
Abstract
A method of localizing an electrical dipole in the brain from the scalp potential distribution has been developed with the aid of the boundary element method, in which a real geometry of the head is exactly taken into account and homogeneous electrical conductivity is assumed. Accuracy of the method was evaluated through animal experiments with a cat in which a current dipole was artificially generated in the brain. Deviation of the estimated dipole location from the true one was not random, but rather systematic (probably due to in-homogeneous conductivity distribution). It is numerically found that cavities in the skull disturb the inverse solution especially when the dipole is oriented toward the cavities. In vivo tests of the method were also done for primary somatosensory evoked potentials as a response to median nerve stimulation of a cat and myoclonic EEG. Although the homogeneous approximation was made, it does not change the significance of the results obtained by the present method.
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An important development in electrophysiological source imaging is to perform constrained source imaging by using anatomical information.
“An important development in ESI is to perform “constrained” source imaging by using anatomical information (13).”
From Electrophysiological source imaging: A noninvasive window to brain dynamics (2018) · cites this paper as [13]
Since the late 1980s, the boundary element method has been most widely used for anatomically constrained electrophysiological source imaging with EEG/MEG.
“Since the introduction to brain source imaging in late 1980s (13, 14), the BEM has been most widely used for anatomically constrained ESI with EEG/MEG.”
From Electrophysiological source imaging: A noninvasive window to brain dynamics (2018) · cites this paper as [13]
For realistic-geometry head models, numeric solutions are attainable with the boundary element method assuming isotropic conductivity or the finite element method assuming anisotropic conductivity.
“For realistic-geometry head models, numeric solutions are attainable with either the boundary element method (BEM) by assuming isotropic conductivity (13, 14) or the finite element method (FEM) models by assuming anisotropic conductivity (15).”
From Electrophysiological source imaging: A noninvasive window to brain dynamics (2018) · cites this paper as [13]
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Self-citationA Long Short-Term Memory Network for Sparse Spatiotemporal EEG Source Imaging
Bore, J. C., Li, P., Jiang, L., Ayedh, W. M. A., Chen, C., Harmah, D. J., Yao, D., Cao, Z., & Xu, P. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.2021.3097758 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Gao, N., Zhu, S. A., & He, B. (2005) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/50/11/016 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationLee, W. H., Liu, Z., Mueller, B. A., Lim, K. O., & He, B. (2009) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2009.09.007 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationImproved method for computation of potentials in a realistic head shape model
Fletcher, D. J., Amir, A., Jewett, D. L., & Fein, G. (1995) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/10.469376 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Rosenfeld, M., Tanami, R., & Abboud, S. (1996) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/10.503175 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Ding, L., Lai, Y. L., & He, B. (2004) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/50/1/004 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationSystems Neuroengineering: Understanding and Interacting with the Brain
Edelman, B. J., Johnson, N., Sohrabpour, A., Tong, S., Thakor, N., & He, B. (2015) · Engineering · doi:10.15302/j-eng-2015078 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationDo optimal Dipoles obtained by the Dipole Tracing Method slways suggest true source locations?
Musha, T., & HOMMA, S. (1990) · Brain Topography · doi:10.1007/bf01128871 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationElectroencephalography source localization
Eom, T. (2022) · Korean Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.3345/cep.2022.00962 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Noninvasive Imaging of the High Frequency Brain Activity in Focal Epilepsy Patients
Lu, Y., Worrell, G. A., Zhang, H. C., Yang, L., Brinkmann, B. H., Nelson, C. L., & He, B. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2013.2297332 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationEshel, Y., Witman, S., Rosenfeld, M., & Abboud, S. (1995) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/10.364510 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Ding, L., Wilke, C. T., Xu, B., Xu, X., van Drongelen, W., Kohrman, M. H., & He, B. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1097/wnp.0b013e318038fd52 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationA second-order finite element algorithm for solving the three-dimensional EEG forward problem
Zhang, Y. C., Zhu, S. A., & He, B. (2004) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/49/13/014 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationLiu, Z., Kecman, F., & He, B. (2006) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2006.03.031 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationSpectral and spatial shifts of post-ictal slow waves in temporal lobe seizures
Yang, L., Worrell, G. A., Nelson, C., Brinkmann, B., & He, B. (2012) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aws221 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationEstimation of Number of Independent Brain Electric Sources From the Scalp EEGs
Bai, X., & He, B. (2006) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2006.876620 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationDCT based multi-head attention-BiGRU model for EEG source location
Zhang, B., Li, D., & Wang, D. (2024) · Biomedical Signal Processing and Control · doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2024.106171 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
- Authors
- He, B., Musha, T., Okamoto, Y., Homma, S., Nakajima, Y., & Sato, T.
- Affiliations
- Tokyo Institute of Technology (JP)
- Chiba University (JP)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
- Published
- 1987-06
- Volume
- BME-34
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 406-414
- ISSN
- 0018-9294 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1986599493
- Cited by
- 334
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 3.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Mathematical Physics › Numerical methods in inverse problems
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods
- Keywords
- brain electrical activity, boundary element method, inverse problems, head geometry, median nerve stimulation, cats
- MeSH terms
- Algorithms, Animals, Brain, Cats, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Evoked Potentials, Humans, Somatosensory Cortex
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