Is RED-S in athletes just another face of malnutrition?
Abstract
Background & aims Relative energy deficiency syndrome in sport (RED-S) can impair the function of several body systems, resulting in short and long-term threats to athletes' health and performance. Research showed that these health and performance problems are often unrecognized, and the treatment is not adequate. The retrospective study presented in this paper aims to determine the prevalence of RED-S-related symptoms in a sample of Slovenian competitive athletes from various sports. Methods We performed retrospective research based on a database of 150 athletes, aged from 14 to 34, who had nutritional assessments as a part of their medical examination. Data were collected, refined and statistical analysis was performed. 77 women and 73 men were included; 113 were classified as young athletes (14-21 years) and 37 as elite athletes (more than 21 years). Results The majority (87%) of the athletes demonstrated at least one health-related symptom described by the RED-S-model; only 9% female and 18% male did not have any symptoms of RED-S. The number of different body systems with the compromised function was significantly higher (p Conclusions A high prevalence of RED-S-related symptoms in our sample competitive athletes indicates the high prevalence of nutrition-related medical problems in young and elite athletes. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate nutritional risk screenings as a part of regular medical examinations of athletes. In addition, appropriate treatments for…
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
80% of elite and pre-elite female athletes have at least one symptom of RED-S, compared with 47.7% of male Olympic-level athletes.
“80% of elite and pre-elite female athletes have at least one symptom of RED-S, compared with 47.7% of male Olympic-level athletes [19,20].”
From Considerations of Low Carbohydrate Availability (LCA) to Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) in Female Endurance Athletes: A Narrative Review (2023) · cites this paper as [20]
Many intervention studies on low energy availability result in concurrent low carbohydrate availability.
“Therefore, many intervention studies on LEA result in concurrent LCA [20,26,27,28].”
From Considerations of Low Carbohydrate Availability (LCA) to Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) in Female Endurance Athletes: A Narrative Review (2023) · cites this paper as [20]
Low carbohydrate availability is common in female athletes who are also at risk for low energy availability.
“This is confirmed by several studies which demonstrate that LCA is common in female athletes who are also at risk for LEA [20,26,27,28].”
From Considerations of Low Carbohydrate Availability (LCA) to Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) in Female Endurance Athletes: A Narrative Review (2023) · cites this paper as [20]
Low carbohydrate availability can lead to decreased glucose utilization, hypometabolism, muscular fatigue, impaired fat storage mobilization, decreased performance, and decreased growth hormone production.
“it has been illustrated that LCA can lead to decreased glucose utilization, hypometabolism, muscular fatigue, impaired fat storage mobilization, decreased performance, and decreased growth hormone production [20,22].”
From Considerations of Low Carbohydrate Availability (LCA) to Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) in Female Endurance Athletes: A Narrative Review (2023) · cites this paper as [20]
37% of elite and pre-elite female athletes demonstrated two or more symptoms of RED-S, compared to 15.9% of male athletes.
“37% of elite and pre-elite female athletes demonstrated two or more symptoms of RED-S, compared to 15.9% of male athletes [19,20].”
From Considerations of Low Carbohydrate Availability (LCA) to Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) in Female Endurance Athletes: A Narrative Review (2023) · cites this paper as [20]
In a retrospective study of young and elite female athletes, the prevalence of carbohydrate intake below 4 g/kg body mass/day was 49.2% in young female athletes and 33.3% in elite female athletes, and the prevalence below 8 g/kg body mass/day was 98.3% in young female athletes and 83.3% in elite female athletes.
“the prevalence of CHO intake < 4 g/kg BM/day was 49.2% in young female athletes and 33.3% in elite female athletes, and the prevalence of CHO intake < 8 g/kg BM/day was 98.3% in young female athletes and 83.3% in elite female athletes [20].”
From Considerations of Low Carbohydrate Availability (LCA) to Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) in Female Endurance Athletes: A Narrative Review (2023) · cites this paper as [20]
The 3-day average carbohydrate intake was below 6 g/kg body mass/day in 72.7% of young and elite athletes included in a retrospective analysis of nutritional assessments.
“Another study showed the 3-day average of CHO intake was below 6 g/kg BM/day in 72.7% of young and elite athletes included in a retrospective analysis of nutritional assessments”
From Considerations of Low Carbohydrate Availability (LCA) to Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) in Female Endurance Athletes: A Narrative Review (2023) · cites this paper as [20]
LCA is common in female athletes, especially those at risk for LEA.
“LCA is common in female athletes, especially those at risk for LEA [20,26,27,28].”
From Considerations of Low Carbohydrate Availability (LCA) to Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) in Female Endurance Athletes: A Narrative Review (2023) · cites this paper as [20]
Cites
Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents
de Onis, M. (2007) · Bulletin of the World Health Organization · doi:10.2471/blt.07.043497 · Cited by 8,826 · see citing works
2011 Compendium of Physical Activities: A Second Update of Codes and MET Values
AINSWORTH, B. E., HASKELL, W. L., HERRMANN, S. D., MECKES, N., BASSETT, D. R., TUDOR-LOCKE, C., GREER, J. L., VEZINA, J., WHITT-GLOVER, M. C., & LEON, A. S. (2011) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31821ece12 · Cited by 6,317 · see citing works
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Raber, G., & Spokas, M. (2024) · doi:10.4135/9781071886229.n145 · Cited by 2,806 · see citing works
ESPEN guidelines on definitions and terminology of clinical nutrition
Cederholm, T., Barazzoni, R., Austin, P., Ballmer, P., Biolo, G., Bischoff, S. C., Compher, C., Correia, I., Higashiguchi, T., Holst, M., et al. (2017) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2016.09.004 · Cited by 2,560 · see citing works
Acute skeletal muscle wasting in critical illness
Puthucheary, Z. A., Rawal, J., McPhail, M., Connolly, B., Ratnayake, G., Chan, P., Hopkinson, N. S., Padhke, R., Dew, T., Sidhu, P. S., et al. (2013) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2013.278481 · Cited by 2,103 · see citing works
(2007) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e318149f111 · Cited by 1,554 · see citing works
Mountjoy, M., Sundgot-Borgen, J., Burke, L., Carter, S., Constantini, N., Lebrun, C., Meyer, N., Sherman, R., Steffen, K., Budgett, R., et al. (2014) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2014-093502 · Cited by 1,469 · see citing works
Thomas, D. T., Erdman, K. A., & Burke, L. M. (2016) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2015.12.006 · Cited by 1,359 · see citing works
Gut Microbiomes of Malawian Twin Pairs Discordant for Kwashiorkor
Smith, M. I., Yatsunenko, T., Manary, M. J., Trehan, I., Mkakosya, R., Cheng, J., Kau, A. L., Rich, S. S., Concannon, P., Mychaleckyj, J. C., et al. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1229000 · Cited by 1,173 · see citing works
IOC consensus statement on relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S): 2018 update
Mountjoy, M., Sundgot-Borgen, J. K., Burke, L. M., Ackerman, K. E., Blauwet, C., Constantini, N., Lebrun, C., Lundy, B., Melin, A. K., Meyer, N. L., et al. (2018) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2018-099193 · Cited by 883 · see citing works
Nutrition and the immune system: an introduction.
Chandra, R. (1997) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/66.2.460s · Cited by 866 · see citing works
Loucks, A. B., & Thuma, J. R. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2002-020369 · Cited by 760 · see citing works
Bone mineral accrual from 8 to 30 years of age: An estimation of peak bone mass
Baxter-Jones, A. D., Faulkner, R. A., Forwood, M. R., Mirwald, R. L., & Bailey, D. A. (2011) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.412 · Cited by 683 · see citing works
De Souza, M. J., Nattiv, A., Joy, E., Misra, M., Williams, N. I., Mallinson, R. J., Gibbs, J. C., Olmsted, M., Goolsby, M., Matheson, G., et al. (2014) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-093218 · Cited by 661 · see citing works
Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
Gordon, C. M., Ackerman, K. E., Berga, S. L., Kaplan, J. R., Mastorakos, G. P., Misra, M., Murad, M. H., Santoro, N. F., & Warren, M. P. (2017) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2017-00131 · Cited by 634 · see citing works
Cunningham, J. (1991) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/54.6.963 · Cited by 607 · see citing works
Energy availability in athletes
Loucks, A. B., Kiens, B., & Wright, H. H. (2011) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2011.588958 · Cited by 513 · see citing works
Bratland‐Sanda, S., & Sundgot‐Borgen, J. (2013) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2012.740504 · Cited by 508 · see citing works
Areta, J. L., Burke, L. M., Ross, M. L., Camera, D. M., West, D. W. D., Broad, E. M., Jeacocke, N. A., Moore, D. R., Stellingwerff, T., Phillips, S. M., et al. (2013) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2012.244897 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
What are quality of life measurements measuring?
Muldoon, M. F., Barger, S. D., Flory, J. D., & Manuck, S. B. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.316.7130.542 · Cited by 490 · see citing works
Effect of body weight and muscularity on human diaphragm muscle mass, thickness, and area
ARORA, N. S., & Rochester, D. F. (1982) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1982.52.1.64 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
A Youth Compendium of Physical Activities: Activity Codes and Metabolic Intensities
BUTTE, N. F., WATSON, K. B., RIDLEY, K., ZAKERI, I. F., MCMURRAY, R. G., PFEIFFER, K. A., CROUTER, S. E., HERRMANN, S. D., BASSETT, D. R., LONG, A., et al. (2018) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001430 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Endocrine consequences of anorexia nervosa
Misra, M., & Klibanski, A. (2014) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(13)70180-3 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Higher Prevalence of Eating Disorders among Adolescent Elite Athletes than Controls
Martinsen, M., & Sundgot-Borgen, J. K. (2013) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e318281a939 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Thermoregulation, mild perioperative hypothermia and post-anaesthetic shivering
Buggy, D. J., & Crossley, A. W. A. (2000) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/84.5.615 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Guidelines for Daily Carbohydrate Intake: Do Athletes Achieve Them?
Burke, L. M., Cox, G. R., Cummings, N. K., & Desbrow, B. (2001) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200131040-00003 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Logue, D. M., Madigan, S. M., Melin, A., Delahunt, E., Heinen, M., Donnell, S.-J. M., & Corish, C. A. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12030835 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Stratton, R. J., Ek, A., Engfer, M., Moore, Z. E. H., Rigby, P., Wolfe, R. A., & Elia, M. (2005) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2005.03.005 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Joshi, Y. (2008) · Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. eBooks · doi:10.5005/jp/books/10085 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Participation in sports in relation to adolescent growth and development
Brown, K. A., Patel, D. R., & Darmawan, D. O. (2017) · Translational Pediatrics · doi:10.21037/tp.2017.04.03 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Energy Availability in Athletics: Health, Performance, and Physique
Melin, A. K., Heikura, I. A., Tenforde, A., & Mountjoy, M. (2019) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0201 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Ackerman, K. E., Holtzman, B., Cooper, K. M., Flynn, E. F., Bruinvels, G., Tenforde, A. S., Popp, K. L., Simpkin, A. J., & Parziale, A. L. (2019) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-098958 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Pitfalls of conducting and interpreting estimates of energy availability in free-living athletes
Burke, L. M., Lundy, B., Fahrenholtz, I. L., & Melin, A. K. (2018) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0142 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Validity of Dietary Assessment in Athletes: A Systematic Review
Capling, L., Beck, K. L., Gifford, J. A., Slater, G., Flood, V. M., & O'Connor, H. T. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9121313 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Rickenlund, A. M., Eriksson, M. J., Schenck-Gustafsson, K. G., & Hirschberg, A. L. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1286 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Stellingwerff, T., Maughan, R. J., & Burke, L. M. (2011) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2011.589469 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Drew, M. K., Vlahovich, N., Hughes, D. C., Appaneal, R., Burke, L. M., Lundy, B., Rogers, M. A., Toomey, M., Watts, D., Lovell, G. A., et al. (2017) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-098208 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Turocy, P. S., DePalma, B., Horswill, C. A., Laquale, K. M., Martin, T. J., PERRY, A. C., Somova, M. J., & Utter, A. C. (2011) · Journal of Athletic Training · doi:10.4085/1062-6050-46.3.322 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Souza, M. J. D., Lee, D. K., VanHeest, J. L., Scheid, J. L., West, S., & Williams, N. I. (2007) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.11.171 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Soukoulis, V., Dihu, J. B., Sole, M. J., Anker, S. D., Cleland, J. G. F., Fonarow, G. C., Metra, M., Pasini, E., Strzelczyk, T. A., Taegtmeyer, H., et al. (2009) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.08.012 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
The Development of the Brief Eating Disorder in Athletes Questionnaire
Martinsen, M., Holme, I., Pensgaard, A. M., Torstveit, M. K., & Sundgot-Borgen, J. K. (2014) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000276 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Burke, L. M., Close, G. L., Lundy, B., Mooses, M., Morton, J. P., & Tenforde, A. S. (2018) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0182 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Viner, R. T., Harris, M., Berning, J. R., & Meyer, N. L. (2015) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2015-0073 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Nutritional, lifestyle, and weight control practices of professional jockeys
Dolan, E., O'Connor, H. T., McGoldrick, A., O’Loughlin, G., Lyons, D., & Warrington, G. D. (2011) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2011.560173 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Caloric restriction: Impact upon pituitary function and reproduction
Martin, B., Golden, E. J., Carlson, O. D., Egan, J. M., Mattson, M. P., & Maudsley, S. R. (2008) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2008.01.002 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Weight Management for Athletes and Active Individuals: A Brief Review
Manore, M. M. (2015) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-015-0401-0 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Deschamps, V., Astier, X., Ferry, M., Rainfray, M., Émeriau, J. P., & Barberger‐Gateau, P. (2002) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601311 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Rogers, M. A., Appaneal, R. N., Hughes, D., Vlahovich, N., Waddington, G., Burke, L. M., & Drew, M. (2021) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2019-101517 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Low‐energy density and high fiber intake are dietary concerns in female endurance athletes
Melin, A., Tornberg, Å. B., Skouby, S., Møller, S. S., Faber, J., Sundgot‐Borgen, J., & Sjödin, A. (2016) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.12516 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Meade, A. (2007) · Nutrition & Dietetics · doi:10.1111/j.1747-0080.2007.00132.x · Cited by 87 · see citing works
IOC consensus statement on sports nutrition 2010
(2011) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2011.619349 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Future Directions in Etiologic, Prevention, and Treatment Research for Eating Disorders
Stice, E. M., South, K., & Shaw, H. E. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2012.728156 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Nutrition and cognitive deficit in the elderly: a population study
Leite, M., Nicolosi, A., Cristina, S., Hauser, W. A., & Nappi, G. (2001) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601270 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Authors’ 2015 additions to the IOC consensus statement: Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S)
Mountjoy, M. L., Sundgot-Borgen, J. K., Burke, L. M., Carter, S., Constantini, N., Lebrun, C. M., Meyer, N. L., Sherman, R. T., Steffen, K., Budgett, R., et al. (2015) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2014-094371 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Weight-control behaviour and weight-concerns in young elite athletes – a systematic review
Herrmann‐Werner, A., Thiel, A., Schneider, S. O., Mayer, J., Giel, K. E., & Zipfel, S. (2013) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/2050-2974-1-18 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
The Impact of Malnutrition on Kidney Function
Benabe, J. E., & Martínez–Maldonado, M. (1997) · Mineral and Electrolyte Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000057346 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Athletic identity, compulsive exercise and eating psychopathology in long-distance runners
Turton, R., Goodwin, H., & Meyer, C. (2017) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2017.03.001 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Hinton, P. S., & Kubas, K. L. (2005) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.3200/jach.54.3.149-156 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Lenka, Shriver, H., Wollenberg, G., & Gates, G. E. (2015) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2015-0166 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Pustivšek, S., Hadžić, V., Dervišević, E., & Carruthers, J. (2019) · International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health · doi:10.1515/ijamh-2017-0190 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Diagnosis of malnutrition - screening and assessment
de van der Schueren, M. A. E., Soeters, P. B., Reijven, P. L. M., Allison, S. P., & von König, C. H. W. (2011) · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Menstrual dysfunction and body weight dissatisfaction among Finnish young athletes and non‐athletes
Ravi, S., Waller, B., Valtonen, M., Villberg, J. J., Vasankari, T. J., Parkkari, J. P., Heinonen, O. J., Alanko, L., Savonen, K. P., Vanhala, M., et al. (2020) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.13838 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Development and validation of an electronic FFQ to assess food intake in the Slovene population
Bizjak, M., Pražnikar, Z. J., & Seljak, B. K. (2013) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980013002577 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Malara, M., & Lutosławska, G. (2016) · Biomedical Human Kinetics · doi:10.1515/bhk-2016-0012 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ghazzawi, H., Nimer, L. S., Haddad, A. J., Alhaj, O. A., Amawi, A. T., Pandi-Perumal, S. R., Trabelsi, K., Seeman, M. V., & Jahrami, H. (2024) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-024-00982-5 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Lodge, M. T., Ward-Ritacco, C. L., & Melanson, K. J. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15204457 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Nutrition for optimising immune function and recovery from injury in sports
Kozjek, N. R., Tonin, G., & Gleeson, M. (2025) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.01.031 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Adequacy of energy and macronutrients intake in differently active slovenian adolescents
Vilhar, E. Č., Golja, P., Starc, G., Seljak, B. K., & Kotnik, K. Z. (2023) · BMC Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s40795-023-00708-x · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Białek-Dratwa, A., Staśkiewicz‐Bartecka, W., Grajek, M. K., Filip-Stachnik, A., Rozmiarek, M., Krupa-Kotara, K. H., & Kowalski, O. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191911891 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Lodge, M. T., Ackerman, K. E., & Garay, J. (2023) · Journal of Athletic Training · doi:10.4085/1062-6050-0608.22 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
New Epidemic of Malnutrition in Young Slovenian Athletes
Peklaj, E., Reščič, N., Seljak, B. K., & Kozjek, N. R. (2023) · Slovenian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2478/sjph-2023-0017 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationMey, J. T., Karpinski, C. A., Yang, S., Madere, J. D., Piattoly, T., Harper, R., & Kirwan, J. P. (2023) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/45098 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Nowaczyk, P. M., Adamczewski, J., & Durkalec‐Michalski, K. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15204484 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Sharp, S., Mashiach-Fransis, R., Keay, N., & Slee, A. (2025) · Clinical Nutrition Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.nutos.2024.12.010 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Fortis, H. O., Cronin, C., Johnson, K. O., Shepherd, S. O., Hackney, A. C., & Strauss, J. A. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17233773 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Muslichah, R., Styles, S. E., Matkin-Hussey, P. A., Love, T. D., & Black, K. E. (2026) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuag032 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Relative energy deficiency in sport in the youth athlete
Kelly, R. K., & Ackerman, K. E. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99992-2.00019-0 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
SINDROM RELATIVNEGA ENERGIJSKEGA PRIMANJKLJAJA PRI OTROCIH IN MLADOSTNIKIH
Salobir, N., Jazbinšek, S., Dovč, K., & Kotnik, P. (2023) · Slovenska pediatrija revija pediatrov Slovenije in specialistov šolske ter visokošolske medicine Slovenije · doi:10.38031/slovpediatr-2023-1-01 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
RELATIVE ENERGY DEFICIENCY SYNDROME IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
Salobir, N., Jazbinšek, S., Dovč, K., & Kotnik, P. (2023) · Slovenska pediatrija revija pediatrov Slovenije in specialistov šolske ter visokošolske medicine Slovenije · doi:10.38031/slovpediatr-2023-1-01en
Chesters, R. L., Soundy, A., & Wallis, G. A. (2025) · Performance Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s44410-025-00010-w
Matkin-Hussey, P. A., Baker, D., Cox, G. R., Coffey, V. G., Bowler, A.-L. M., Beable, S., Ogilvie, M., & Black, K. E. (2026) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1002/ejsc.70186
Dabbs, N. C., Binkley, H. M., Bott, C., Fragala, M. R., Herda, A. A., Moeskops, S., Moore, E. W. G., Smith‐Ryan, A. E., & Triplett, N. T. (2026) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000005544
- Authors
- Peklaj, E., Reščič, N., Koroušic´ Seljak, B., & Rotovnik Kozjek, N.
- Affiliations
- University of Ljubljana (SI)
- Jožef Stefan Institute (SI)
- Corresponding author
- Peklaj, Eva
- Venue
- Clinical Nutrition ESPEN
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-04
- Volume
- 48
- Pages
- 298-307
- ISSN
- 2405-4577 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4210869144
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 3.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2024-10-01)
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Nutrition ESPEN (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- dCOBISS.SI Digital Repository (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- relative energy deficiency in sport, malnutrition, competitive athletes, prevalence, nutritional screening, youth athletes, elite athletes, sex differences, nutritional risk
- MeSH terms
- Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport, Adolescent, Female, Humans, Male, Nutritional Status, Retrospective Studies, Nutrition Assessment, Malnutrition, Athletes
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
