Low levels of 25(OH)D and insulin-resistance: 2 unrelated features or a cause-effect in PCOS?
Abstract
Background & aims Recent investigations have identified low vitamin D status as a hypothetical mechanism of insulin-resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Instead, some authors supported the hypothesis that low vitamin D levels and insulin-resistance are 2 unrelated features of body size in PCOS. Hence, we aimed to explore the association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) with anthropometric, metabolic and hormonal features in PCOS.Methods We assessed the association of low 25(OH)D levels with endocrine parameters, insulin-sensitivity evaluated by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (HEC) and body composition measured by DEXA in 38 women affected by PCOS.Results Low 25(OH)D (25(OH)D < 50 nmo/L) was detected in 37% of the entire cohort of patients. Body Mass Index (BMI), in particular total fat mass (p < 0.001), resulted to be the most predictor factor of 25(OH)D levels whereas Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG), Free Androgen Index (FAI), glucose uptake and fat free mass were not.Conclusions Our data demonstrated that in PCOS low 25(OH)D levels are significantly determined by the degree of adiposity.
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In 38 women with PCOS, vitamin D levels are significantly influenced by the degree of adiposity.
“Muscogiuri et al. evaluated the association of vitamin D levels with insulin sensitivity, body composition, and endocrine parameters in 38 women with PCOS and concluded that vitamin D levels are significantly influenced by the degree of adiposity [43].”
From Ketogenic Diet as Medical Prescription in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) (2023) · cites this paper as [43]
Vitamin D deficiency might worsen insulin resistance in women with PCOS.
“Also, they stated that this deficiency might worsen IR in women with PCOS [43].”
From Ketogenic Diet as Medical Prescription in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) (2023) · cites this paper as [43]
Vitamin D deficiency occurs commonly in obese PCOS patients.
“There is evidence implying that vitamin D deficiency occurs commonly in obese PCOS patients [48,49].”
From PCOS and nutritional approaches: Differences between lean and obese phenotype (2021) · cites this paper as [48]
Decreased vitamin D levels and IR are independent body size characteristics in PCOS patients.
“Some publications state that decreased vitamin D levels and IR are independent body size characteristics in PCOS patients.”
From PCOS and nutritional approaches: Differences between lean and obese phenotype (2021) · cites this paper as [48]
In obese PCOS, weight loss restores regular 25(OH)D levels and insulin sensitivity as a result of total fat mass loss.
“Therefore, weight loss should be kept in mind in the management of obese PCOS to restore regular 25(OH)D levels, insulin-sensitivity as a result of total fat mass loss [14,48].”
From PCOS and nutritional approaches: Differences between lean and obese phenotype (2021) · cites this paper as [48]
25(OH)D may be involved in complications related to PCOS, such as fertility, hirsutism, glucose metabolism, and CVD risk.
“several studies have suggested that 25(OH)D may be involved in complications related to PCOS, such as fertility, hirsutism, glucose metabolism, and CVD risk [48,61]”
From PCOS and nutritional approaches: Differences between lean and obese phenotype (2021) · cites this paper as [48]
Vitamin D supplementation improves reproductive function in women with PCOS.
“Also, vitamin D supplementation has been reported to improve reproductive function in women with PCOS.”
From PCOS and nutritional approaches: Differences between lean and obese phenotype (2021) · cites this paper as [48]
Vitamin D supplementation in women with PCOS improves reproductive function, glucose metabolism, and lipid profile.
“Intervention studies of vitamin D supplementation in women with PCOS have shown improvements in reproductive function, glucose metabolism, and lipid profile by improving reproductive function [48,61,74,75]”
From PCOS and nutritional approaches: Differences between lean and obese phenotype (2021) · cites this paper as [48]
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- Authors
- Muscogiuri, G., Policola, C., Prioletta, A., Sorice, G., Mezza, T., Lassandro, A., Della Casa, S., Pontecorvi, A., & Giaccari, A.
- Affiliations
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Muscogiuri, Giovanna
- Venue
- Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-08
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 476-480
- ISSN
- 0261-5614 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2041091603
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 8.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Vitamin D Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- polycystic ovary syndrome, vitamin D deficiency, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, insulin resistance, body mass index, adiposity, fat mass, sex hormone-binding globulin, free androgen index, insulin sensitivity, body composition
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anthropometry, Blood Glucose, Body Composition, Female, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Regression Analysis, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Vitamin D, Vitamin D Deficiency, Glucose Clamp Technique, Multivariate Analysis, Young Adult
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