Cited by 242Obesity, Physical Activity, DietEvolutionary Psychology and Human BehaviorEvolution and Genetic Dynamics

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A Nonadaptive Scenario Explaining the Genetic Predisposition to Obesity: The “Predation Release” Hypothesis

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Speakman, John R.·2007·Cell Metabolism

DOI 10.1016/j.cmet.2007.06.004

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Abstract

The "thrifty gene hypothesis" suggests we evolved genes for efficient food collection and fat deposition to survive periods of famine and that now that food is continuously available, these genes are disadvantageous because they make us obese in preparation for a famine that never comes. However, famines are relatively infrequent modern phenomena that involve insufficient mortality for thrifty genes to propagate. I suggest here that early hominids would have been subjected to stabilizing selection for body fatness, with obesity selected against by the risk of predation. Around two million years ago predation was removed as a significant factor by the development of social behavior, weapons, and fire. The absence of predation led to a change in the population distribution of body fatness due to random mutations and drift. Because this novel hypothesis involves random drift, rather than directed selection, it explains why, even in Western society, most people are not obese.

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Authors: Speakman, J. R.
Affiliations: University of Aberdeen (GB)
Corresponding author: Speakman, John R.
ORCID: Speakman, John R.
Venue: Cell Metabolism
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2007-07
Volume: 6
Issue: 1
Pages: 5-12
ISSN: 1550-4131 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2007.06.004
OpenAlex: W2071368584
Cited by: 242
References: 65
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 3.03
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 2208 d)
Locations: Cell Metabolism (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
Keywords: genetic predisposition to obesity, thrifty gene hypothesis, adiposity, predation risk, stabilizing selection, genetic drift, hominid evolution, fat deposition
MeSH terms: Adipose Tissue, Animals, Humans, Obesity, Predatory Behavior, Selection, Genetic, Starvation, Body Mass Index, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Metabolic Syndrome

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A Nonadaptive Scenario Explaining the Genetic Predisposition to Obesity: The “Predation Release” Hypothesis

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