The Impact of Early Human Migration on Brown Adipose Tissue Evolution and Its Relevance to the Modern Obesity Pandemic
Open accessAbstract
Genetic factors are believed to be primarily responsible for obesity; however, an understanding of how genes for obesity have become so prevalent in modern society has proved elusive. Several theories have attempted to explain the genetic basis for obesity, but none of these appear to factor in the interethnic variation in obesity. Emerging evidence is increasingly pointing to a link between reduced basal metabolism and ineffective brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. In fact, BAT presence and function are strongly correlated with metabolic rates and directly influence obesity susceptibility. My colleagues and I recently theorized that ancestral exposure to cold necessitated the evolution of enhanced BAT thermogenesis, which, with today's hypercaloric and sedentary lifestyle, becomes advantageous, because thermogenesis is energetically wasteful, raising basal metabolism and burning excess calories. The opposite may be true for the descendants of heat-adapted populations. This review further reconciles global evolutionary climatic exposures with obesity demographics to understand the genetic basis for the obesity pandemic, and new insights from the most recent studies are provided, including those assessing archaic human admixture. Key genetic variants influencing BAT thermogenesis are outlined that have also been linked with climatic exposure to cold and appear to support the theory that evolutionary factors relevant to climate may have shaped the modern obesity pandemic.
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Multiple lines of evidence from evolutionary history, genetic and twin studies support a genetic basis for obesity and differences in obese and lean phenotypes in women with PCOS.
“Multiple lines of evidence from evolutionary history, genetic and twin studies, support a genetic basis for obesity and differences in obese and lean phenotypes in women with PCOS [183,184,185,186].”
From Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Evolutionary Adaptation to Lifestyle and the Environment (2022) · cites this paper as [183]
The Abstract reports twin-study evidence for heritable susceptibility to obesity, and “Toward a Unifying Theory” discusses genetic and evolutionary explanations for differences in obesity susceptibility. These passages concern obesity generally; they do not establish a genetic basis for the difference between obese and lean phenotypes in women with PCOS. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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European ancestry and resting metabolic rate in older African Americans
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4 of the 104 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Evolutionary Adaptation to Lifestyle and the Environment
parker, J., O'Brien, C., Hawrelak, J., & Gersh, F. (2021) · doi:10.20944/preprints202112.0088.v1 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Evolutionary Adaptation to Lifestyle and the Environment
Parker, J., O’Brien, C., Hawrelak, J., & Gersh, F. L. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19031336 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
The Microbiota and Evolution of Obesity
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Introductory Chapter: Unbearable Burden of the Diseases - Obesity
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Cold adaptation in Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherers of eastern EurasiaPreprint
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Human adaptation response to obesity
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Obesity and climate adaptation
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Sex differences in nonshivering thermogenesis in the wild
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Diet and Brain Development and the Importance for Modern Man
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Polygenic and single-locus selection on BMI during Polynesian expansion
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- Authors
- Sellayah, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Reading (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Sellayah, Dyan
- ORCID
- Sellayah, Dyan
- Venue
- Journal of the Endocrine Society
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2018-12-18
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 372-386
- ISSN
- 2472-1972 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6354082
- OpenAlex
- W2914276376
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 104
- Citations by year
- 2025: 8 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 0.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the Endocrine Society (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CentAUR (University of Reading) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Medical Research Foundation (MR/P011683/1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- brown adipose tissue, thermogenesis, obesity, human migration, cold adaptation, heat adaptation, climate exposure, basal metabolic rate, obesity genetics, archaic human admixture, genetic variants
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