Cited by 331Sirtuins and Resveratrol in MedicineAutophagy in Disease and TherapyMetabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer

SIRT4 is a lysine deacylase that controls leucine metabolism and insulin secretion

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Anderson, Kristin A., Huynh, Frank K., Fisher-Wellman, Kelsey, Stuart, J. Darren, Peterson, Brett S., Douros, Jonathan D., Wagner, Gregory R., Thompson, J. Will +12 more·2017·Cell Metabolism

Abstract

Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent protein deacylases that regulate several aspects of metabolism and aging. In contrast to the other mammalian sirtuins, the primary enzymatic activity of mitochondrial sirtuin 4 (SIRT4) and its overall role in metabolic control have remained enigmatic. Using a combination of phylogenetics, structural biology, and enzymology, we show that SIRT4 removes three acyl moieties from lysine residues: methylglutaryl (MG)-, hydroxymethylglutaryl (HMG)-, and 3-methylglutaconyl (MGc)-lysine. The metabolites leading to these post-translational modifications are intermediates in leucine oxidation, and we show a primary role for SIRT4 in controlling this pathway in mice. Furthermore, we find that dysregulated leucine metabolism in SIRT4KO mice leads to elevated basal and stimulated insulin secretion, which progressively develops into glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. These findings identify a robust enzymatic activity for SIRT4, uncover a mechanism controlling branched-chain amino acid flux, and position SIRT4 as a crucial player maintaining insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis during aging.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.03.003

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  • SIRT4 can regulate lipoyl- and biotinyl-lysine modifications and demethylglutarylate branched-chain acyl-lysines.

    “One study has shown that SIRT4 can regulate the levels of both lipoyl- and biotinyl-lysine modifications in pyruvate dehydrogenase and likely other proteins ((Mathias et al. 2014)).”
  • SIRT4 cleaves Klip and Kmgc; SIRT5 regulates Kmal, Ksuc, and Kglu; SIRT2 and SIRT6 efficiently cleave Kmyr.

    “For example, SIRT4 has been shown to cleave e -N -lipoyllysine (Klip) (Mathias et al., 2014) and e -N -(3-methylglutaconyl)lysine (Kmgc) (Anderson et al., 2017), SIRT5 regulates e -N -malonyllysine (Kmal) (Du et al., 2011; Peng et al., 2011; Hirschey and Zhao, 2015; Nishida et al., 2015), e -N -succinyllysine (Ksuc) (Du et al., 2011; Park et al., 2013; Rardin et al., 2013; Hirschey and Zhao, 2015)”

    From Histone deacetylase 11 is an ε-N-Myristoyllysine hydrolase (2018) · cites this paper as Anderson et al., 2017

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Authors
Anderson, K. A., Huynh, F. K., Fisher-Wellman, K., Stuart, J. D., Peterson, B. S., Douros, J. D., Wagner, G. R., Thompson, J. W., Madsen, A. S., Green, M. F., Sivley, R. M., Ilkayeva, O. R., Stevens, R. D., Backos, D. S., Capra, J. A., Olsen, C. A., Campbell, J. E., Muoio, D. M., Grimsrud, P. A., & Hirschey, M. D.
Affiliations
  • Duke University (US)
  • Duke Medical Center (US)
  • University of Copenhagen (DK)
  • Vanderbilt University (US)
  • University of Colorado Anschutz (US)
Corresponding author
Hirschey, Matthew D.
Venue
Cell Metabolism
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2017-04
Volume
25
Issue
4
Pages
838-855.e15
ISSN
1550-4131 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2605312736
Cited by
326
References
87
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 20 · 2015: 1
FWCI
21.32
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cell Metabolism (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • Vanderbilt University (T32-EY021453)
  • Lundbeckfonden (R52-2010-5054)
  • National Institute on Aging (P30AG028716-01, R01AG045351)
  • Ellison Medical Foundation
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Eye Institute
  • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
  • Carlsbergfondet (CF15-011, 2011-01-0169, 2013-01-0333)
  • National Cancer Institute (CA059365-19)
  • Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF15OC0017334)
  • American Heart Association (12SDG8840004, 12IRG9010008)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
Keywords
SIRT4, leucine oxidation, branched-chain amino acids, insulin secretion, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, glucose homeostasis, aging, mitochondrial sirtuins, post-translational modification
MeSH terms
Insulin Secretion, Amidohydrolases, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Glucose, Homeostasis, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Leucine, Lysine, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Models, Molecular, Phylogeny, Mice, Knockout, Carbon-Carbon Ligases, Mitochondrial Proteins, Sirtuins, HEK293 Cells, Metabolic Flux Analysis

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