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The Mouse Microbiome Is Required for Sex-Specific Diurnal Rhythms of Gene Expression and Metabolism
Open accessAbstract
The circadian clock and associated feeding rhythms have a profound impact on metabolism and the gut microbiome. To what extent microbiota reciprocally affect daily rhythms of physiology in the host remains elusive. Here, we analyzed transcriptome and metabolome profiles of male and female germ-free mice. While mRNA expression of circadian clock genes revealed subtle changes in liver, intestine, and white adipose tissue, germ-free mice showed considerably altered expression of genes associated with rhythmic physiology. Strikingly, the absence of the microbiome attenuated liver sexual dimorphism and sex-specific rhythmicity. The resulting feminization of male and masculinization of female germ-free animals is likely caused by altered sexual development and growth hormone secretion, associated with differential activation of xenobiotic receptors. This defines a novel mechanism by which the microbiome regulates host metabolism.
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“Lacking exposure to microorganisms since birth, GF animals provide insights into how the microbiota is integral in shaping the behavior, physiology, and neurobiology of its host (Weger et al., 2019).”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Weger et al., 2019
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Intersection of sex and circadian biology
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Microbiota Modulates Cardiac Transcriptional Responses to Intermittent Hypoxia and Hypercapnia
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Liver as a nexus of daily metabolic cross talk
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Emerging Roles of Modern Lifestyle Factors in Microbiome Stability and Functionality
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Colonic inflammation modulates the intestinal circadian landscape
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Metadata
- Authors
- Weger, B. D., Gobet, C., Yeung, J., Martin, E., Jimenez, S., Betrisey, B., Foata, F., Berger, B., Balvay, A., Foussier, A., Charpagne, A., Boizet-Bonhoure, B., Chou, C. J., Naef, F., & Gachon, F.
- Affiliations
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CH)
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH)
- Nestlé (Switzerland) (CH)
- AgroParisTech (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Gachon, Frédéric
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cell Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-02
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 362-382.e8
- ISSN
- 1550-4131 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6370974
- OpenAlex
- W2897926834
- Cited by
- 269
- References
- 193
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 26
- FWCI
- 10.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell Metabolism (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- European Research Council (ERC-2010-StG-260988)
- Swiss National Science Foundation (310030_173079)
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, circadian clock, sex differences, germ-free mice, growth hormone secretion, xenobiotic receptors, sexual development, metabolism, transcriptome, metabolome
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Circadian Rhythm, Female, Intestines, Liver, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Sex Characteristics, Mice, Adipose Tissue, White, Ghrelin, Circadian Clocks, Transcriptome
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