Chronotype and Cancer: Emerging Relation Between Chrononutrition and Oncology from Human Studies
Open accessAbstract
Fasting–feeding timing is a crucial pattern implicated in the regulation of daily circadian rhythms. The interplay between sleep and meal timing underscores the importance of maintaining circadian alignment in order to avoid creating a metabolic environment conducive to carcinogenesis following the molecular and systemic disruption of metabolic performance and immune function. The chronicity of such a condition may support the initiation and progression of cancer through a variety of mechanisms, including increased oxidative stress, immune suppression, and the activation of proliferative signaling pathways. This review aims to summarize current evidence from human studies and provide an overview of the potential mechanisms underscoring the role of chrononutrition (including time-restricted eating) on cancer risk. Current evidence shows that the morning chronotype, suggesting an alignment between physiological circadian rhythms and eating timing, is associated with a lower risk of cancer. Also, early time-restricted eating and prolonged nighttime fasting were also associated with a lower risk of cancer. The current evidence suggests that the chronotype influences cancer risk through cell cycle regulation, the modulation of metabolic pathways and inflammation, and gut microbiota fluctuations. In conclusion, although there are no clear guidelines on this matter, emerging evidence supports the hypothesis that the role of time-related eating (i.e., time/calorie-restricted feeding and intermittent/periodic fasting) could potentially lead to a reduced risk of cancer.
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Incorporating chrononutritional variables, meal timing, sleep patterns, and lifestyle behaviors provides a more accurate understanding of microbiota-mediated influences on nutritional health.
“Incorporating chrononutritional variables, meal timing, sleep patterns, and lifestyle behaviors provides a more accurate understanding of microbiota-mediated influences on nutritional health [100-103].”
From The Seven Methods for the Evaluation of Nutritional Status—ABCDEFG: Narrative Review (2026) · cites this paper as [102]
Section 4.3 links chrononutrition and meal timing to gut microbiota composition, function, and metabolic health. The Introduction also discusses sleep schedules and eating behaviors. The paper does not establish that incorporating sleep patterns and lifestyle behaviors alongside meal timing provides a more accurate understanding of microbiota-mediated influences on nutritional health; its Conclusions call for further integrated research. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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Chronotype and risk of post-menopausal endometrial cancer in the California Teachers Study
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Night work, chronotype and risk of endometrial cancer in the Screenwide case–control study
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The Clinical Impact of Time-restricted Eating on Cancer: A Systematic Review
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Sleep Patterns and Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Population-Based Case Control Study in France (EPICAP)
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The role of MTNR1B polymorphism on circadian rhythm‐related cancer: A UK Biobank cohort study
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Time-restricted feeding alters the efficiency of mammary tumor growth
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Intermediate versus morning chronotype has lower vascular insulin sensitivity in adults with obesity
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Causal association of sleep traits with the risk of thyroid cancer: A mendelian randomization study
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Sleep traits and breast cancer risk: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
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Sleep Behaviors, Genetic Predispositions, and Risk of Esophageal Cancer
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Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and prostate cancer severity
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Sleep and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in the UK Biobank
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Using human genetics to understand the phenotypic association between chronotype and breast cancer
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Reytor-González, C., Simancas-Racines, D., Román-Galeano, N. M., Annunziata, G., Galasso, M., Zambrano-Villacres, R., Verde, L., Muscogiuri, G., Frias-Toral, E., & Barrea, L. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17132135 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Godos, J., Currenti, W., Ferri, R., Lanza, G., Caraci, F., Frias-Toral, E., Guglielmetti, M., Ferraris, C., Lipari, V., Carvajal Altamiranda, S., Galvano, F., Castellano, S., & Grosso, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Catania (IT)
- I.R.C.C.S. Oasi Maria SS (IT)
- School of Medicine, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 0901952, Ecuador
- University of Pavia (IT)
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Corresponding author
- Galvano, Fabio
- Grosso, Giuseppe
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2025-01-31
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 529
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11819666
- OpenAlex
- W4407039520
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 136
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 10
- FWCI
- 2.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- chronotype, chrononutrition, cancer risk, circadian rhythm, time-restricted eating, intermittent fasting, meal timing, oxidative stress, immunosuppression, gut microbiota, inflammation, cell cycle regulation, metabolic pathways
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Chronotype, Circadian Rhythm, Fasting, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Neoplasms, Risk Factors, Sleep, Time Factors, Caloric Restriction
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