A macrophage-hepatocyte glucocorticoid receptor axis coordinates fasting ketogenesis
Open accessAbstract
Fasting metabolism and immunity are tightly linked; however, it is largely unknown how immune cells contribute to metabolic homeostasis during fasting in healthy subjects. Here, we combined cell-type-resolved genomics and computational approaches to map crosstalk between hepatocytes and liver macrophages during fasting. We identified the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) as a key driver of fasting-induced reprogramming of the macrophage secretome including fasting-suppressed cytokines and showed that lack of macrophage GR impaired induction of ketogenesis during fasting as well as endotoxemia. Mechanistically, macrophage GR suppressed the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and promoted nuclear translocation of hepatocyte GR to activate a fat oxidation/ketogenesis-related gene program, cooperatively induced by GR and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) in hepatocytes. Together, our results demonstrate how resident liver macrophages directly influence ketogenesis in hepatocytes, thereby also outlining a strategy by which the immune system can set the metabolic tone during inflammatory disease and infection.
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Metabolic switching promotes the release and utilization of fatty acids and ketone bodies-signaling molecules that may regulate diverse cellular pathways, enhance stress resistance, improve organ function, and protect against metabolic and inflammatory diseases.
“This metabolic switching promotes the release and utilization of fatty acids and ketone bodies—signaling molecules that may regulate diverse cellular pathways, enhance stress resistance, improve organ function, and protect against metabolic and inflammatory diseases (12, 44, 45).”
From Intermittent fasting versus continuous energy restriction in MASLD: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2026) · cites this paper as [44]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Loft, A., Schmidt, S. F., Caratti, G., Stifel, U., Havelund, J., Sekar, R., Kwon, Y., Sulaj, A., Chow, K. K., Alfaro, A. J., Schwarzmayr, T., Rittig, N., Svart, M., Tsokanos, F.-F., Maida, A., Blutke, A., Feuchtinger, A., Møller, N., Blüher, M., Nawroth, P., Szendrödi, J., Færgeman, N. J., Zeigerer, A., Tuckermann, J., & Herzig, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern Denmark (DK)
- Universität Ulm (DE)
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- University Hospital Heidelberg (DE)
- Helmholtz Munich (DE)
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Aarhus University Hospital (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Schmidt, Søren Fisker
- Tuckermann, Jan
- Herzig, Stephan
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cell Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-03
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 473-486.e9
- ISSN
- 1550-4131 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4210518325
- Cited by
- 76
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 11
- FWCI
- 9.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 365 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Cell Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Site cant be reached (submittedVersion)
- PuSH - Publication Server of Helmholtz Zentrum München (submittedVersion)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Danmarks Grundforskningsfond (141)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (CRC 1052, CRC 1149, CRC) 1118, 91BGG INST 381/39-1)
- Shanxi Datong University
- Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond
- Eli Lilly and Company
- European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes
- Universität Ulm
- Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNFOC150019050, NNF16OC0020742)
- European Molecular Biology Organization (ALTF 897-2015)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Diet and metabolism studies
- Keywords
- glucocorticoid receptor, fasting, ketogenesis, hepatic macrophages, hepatocytes, TNF-α, PPARα, endotoxemia, fat oxidation, immune-metabolic crosstalk
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Fasting, Humans, Ketone Bodies, Liver, Macrophages, Receptors, Glucocorticoid, Mice, Knockout, Hepatocytes, PPAR alpha, Mice
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