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Artificial Intelligence for Clinical Prediction: Exploring Key Domains and Essential Functions
Open accessAbstract
Clinical prediction is integral to modern healthcare, leveraging current and historical medical data to forecast health outcomes. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in this field significantly enhances diagnostic accuracy, treatment planning, disease prevention, and personalised care leading to better patient outcomes and healthcare efficiency. This systematic review implemented a structured four-step methodology, including an extensive literature search in academic databases (PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar), applying specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, data extraction focusing on AI techniques and their applications in clinical prediction, and a thorough analysis of the collected information to understand AI's roles in enhancing clinical prediction. Through the analysis of 74 experimental studies, eight key domains, where AI significantly enhances clinical prediction, were identified: 1) Diagnosis and early detection of disease; 2) Prognosis of disease course and outcomes; 3) Risk assessment of future disease; 4) Treatment response for personalised medicine; 5) Disease progression; 6) Readmission risks; 7) Complication risks; and 8) Mortality prediction. Oncology and radiology come on top of the specialties benefiting from AI in clinical prediction. The review highlights AI's transformative impact across various clinical prediction domains, including its role in revolutionising diagnostics, improving prognosis accuracy, aiding in personalised medicine, and enhancing patient safety. AI-driven tools contribute significantly to the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare delivery. AI's integration in clinical prediction marks a substantial advancement in healthcare. Recommendations include enhancing data quality and accessibility, promoting interdisciplinary collaboration, focusing on ethical AI practices, investing in AI education, expanding clinical trials, developing regulatory oversight, involving patients in the AI integration process, and continuous monitoring and improvement of AI systems.
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Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 124 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Abbas, S. R., Abbas, Z., Zahir, A., & Lee, S. W. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12242587 · Cited by 228
Kale, M. B., Wankhede, N. L., Pawar, R. S., Ballal, S., Kumawat, R., Goswami, M., Khalid, M., Taksande, B. G., Upaganlawar, A. B., Umekar, M. J., et al. (2024) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2024.102497 · Cited by 208
Mapping the use of artificial intelligence in medical education: a scoping review
Rincón, E. H. H., Jimenez, D., Aguilar, L. A. C., Flórez, J. M. P., Tapia, Á. E. R., & Peñuela, C. L. J. (2025) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-025-07089-8 · Cited by 145
Parvin, N., Joo, S., Jung, J. H., & Mandal, T. K. (2025) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano15120895 · Cited by 131
Olawade, D. B., Aderinto, N., Olatunji, G. D., Kokori, E., David-Olawade, A. C., & Hadi, M. (2024) · Journal of Medicine Surgery and Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100109 · Cited by 81
Metadata
- Authors
- Khalifa, M., & Albadawy, M.
- Affiliations
- La Trobe University (AU)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Khalifa, Mohamed
- Albadawy, Mona
- ORCID
- Khalifa, Mohamed
- Venue
- Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine Update
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024
- Volume
- 5
- Pages
- 100148
- ISSN
- 2666-9900 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4392560365
- Cited by
- 201
- References
- 124
- Citations by year
- 2026: 69 · 2025: 110 · 2024: 22
- FWCI
- 18.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine Update (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- La Trobe University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Machine Learning in Healthcare
- Keywords
- artificial intelligence, clinical prediction, disease diagnosis, early detection, prognosis, risk assessment, personalized medicine, treatment response, disease progression, hospital readmission, complication prediction, mortality prediction, radiology, patient safety, ethical AI, AI regulation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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