Variability in the immune system: of vaccine responses and immune states
Open accessAbstract
System-wide approaches are now being applied to study vaccine responses, whose mechanisms of action, and failure, are not well understood. These works have repeatedly shown vaccine response to be an orchestrated process involving multiple arms of immunity most noticeable sensing and innate components. Prediction of vaccine responses based on system-wide measures is achievable, but challenges remain for robust population wide predictions based only on pre-vaccination measures, especially in partially efficacious vaccines such as influenza. This is especially true in older adults, who are often less responsive to vaccination and exhibit high level of variation compared to young in many components of immunity. Despite this increase in variation, most of the studies on aging use group averages of immune phenotypes to model immune system behavior. Using systems approaches, it is possible to exploit this variation to form distinguishable clusters of phenotypes within and across individuals to discover underlying immune states.
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Differences among older adults in the extent of systemic chronic inflammation are thought to reflect inter-individual differences in exposure to pro-inflammatory factors, although within-person studies are limited.
“The fact that differences exist in the extent to which older adults exhibit SCI52,64 is thought to be indicative of inter-individual differences in exposure to these and other related pro-inflammatory factors, although studies documenting within-person associations between these risk factors and SCI are limited.”
From Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span (2019) · cites this paper as [64]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Shen-Orr, S. S., & Furman, D.
- Affiliations
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology (IL)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Shen-Orr, Shai S
- Furman, David
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-08
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 542-547
- ISSN
- 0952-7915 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3788704
- OpenAlex
- W2082310882
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 0.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- US National Institutes of Health (NIH) (U19 AI057229)
- Israel Science Foundation (1365/12)
- Stanford Center of Longevity
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- vaccine response variability, immune status, immunophenotype, systems immunology, influenza vaccination, older adults, vaccine response prediction, innate immunity, immunosenescence
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Humans, Immune System, Vaccination, Vaccines
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