CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 616Online and Blended LearningOnline Learning and AnalyticsEducational Technology and E-Learning

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 104 of the 105 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A systematic review of research on online teaching and learning from 2009 to 2018

Open access
Martin, Florence, Sun, Ting, Westine, Carl D.·2020·Computers & Education
DOI 10.1016/j.compedu.2020.104009PMC PMC7480742
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Systematic reviews were conducted in the nineties and early 2000's on online learning research. However, there is no review examining the broader aspect of research themes in online learning in the last decade. This systematic review addresses this gap by examining 619 research articles on online learning published in twelve journals in the last decade. These studies were examined for publication trends and patterns, research themes, research methods, and research settings and compared with the research themes from the previous decades. While there has been a slight decrease in the number of studies on online learning in 2015 and 2016, it has then continued to increase in 2017 and 2018. The majority of the studies were quantitative in nature and were examined in higher education. Online learning research was categorized into twelve themes and a framework across learner, course and instructor, and organizational levels was developed. Online learner characteristics and online engagement were examined in a high number of studies and were consistent with three of the prior systematic reviews. However, there is still a need for more research on organization level topics such as leadership, policy, and management and access, culture, equity, inclusion, and ethics and also on online instructor characteristics.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.compedu.2020.104009

Cites

104 of 104 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 105 references

1 of the 105 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Glazer, 2011, Connection to the academic community: Perceptions of students in online education, Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 12, 55

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 301–400 of 611

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Martin, F., Sun, T., & Westine, C. D.
Affiliations
University of North Carolina at Charlotte (US)
Corresponding author
Martin, Florence
ORCID
Venue
Computers & Education
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2020-12
Volume
159
Pages
104009
ISSN
0360-1315 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.compedu.2020.104009
PMC
PMC7480742
OpenAlex
W3084070176
Cited by
616
References
105
Citations by year
2026: 90 · 2025: 92 · 2024: 108 · 2023: 116 · 2022: 139 · 2021: 71
FWCI
27.68
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Computers & Education (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Education › Online and Blended Learning
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Science Applications › Online Learning and Analytics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Educational Technology and E-Learning
Keywords
online learning, research trends, research topics, higher education, online engagement, organizational leadership, publication trends

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review