Cited by 252Psychological Well-being and Life SatisfactionAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesMindfulness and Compassion Interventions

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The relationship between emotion regulation and well-being in patients with mental disorders: A meta-analysis

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Kraiss, Jannis T., ten Klooster, Peter M., Moskowitz, Judith T., Bohlmeijer, Ernst T.·2020·Comprehensive Psychiatry

DOI 10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152189

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The importance of both specific emotion regulation strategies and overall deficits in emotion regulation in the context of psychopathology is widely recognized. Besides alleviating psychological symptoms, improving mental well-being is increasingly considered important in treatment of people with mental disorders. However, no comprehensive meta-analysis on the relationship between emotion regulation and well-being in people with mental disorders has been conducted yet. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the current study was to synthesize and meta-analyze evidence regarding the relationship between emotion regulation and well-being in clinical samples across studies. METHOD: A systematic literature search was conducted in PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus and 94 cross-sectional effect sizes from 35 studies were meta-analyzed to explore this relationship. To be eligible for the meta-analysis, studies had to include a clinical sample, assess at least one specific emotion regulation strategy or overall deficits in emotion regulation and include well-being as outcome. RESULTS: The findings showed significant small to moderate negative relationships with well-being for the strategies avoidance (r = -0.31) and rumination (r = -0.19) and positive relationships with reappraisal (r = 0.19) and acceptance (r = 0.42). Grouping together putative adaptive and maladaptive strategies revealed similar sized relationships with well-being in the expected direction. Overall deficits in emotion regulation showed a negative moderate correlation with well-being (r = -0.47). No substantial difference in relationships was found when clustering studies into hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that emotion regulation is not merely related with psychopathology, but also with well-being in general as well as hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Therefore, it might also be important to improve emotion regulation when aiming to improve well-being in people with mental disorders.

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“…and more consistent associations between emotion regulation capacities and psychological symptoms, a pattern well supported by existing meta-analytic evidence linking emotion regulation to mental health (Aldao et al., 2010; Boemo et al., 2022; Joormann and Stanton, 2016; Kraiss et al., 2020).”
Latent profiles of compassion for self, other humans, and animals: A two time point study
Khoury, B., & Vergara, R. C. (2026) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2026.113840 · Cited by 1
Age specific associations and component patterns of healthy ageing using propensity score matching analysis
Montayre, J., Ezulike, J. C. D., Liu, F., Cheng, C. H. G., Dye, M. C. H., Leung, K. M. C., Shiu, S. C.-O., & Kuo, K. (2026) · Discover Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12982-026-02020-y · Cited by 1
The role of belief in a just world for cognitive emotion regulation and well-being of university students: a cross-cultural second-order study
Donat, M., Reinhaus, D., Zandi, H., & Wolgast, A. (2026) · Social Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s11218-026-10222-0 · Cited by 1
“…were repeatedly shown to be positively related to positive indicators of mental health and well-being (e.g., Boemo et al., 2022 ; Hu et al., 2014; Kraiss et al., 2020; Lábadi et al., 2022; Rice et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2023) but negatively related to depressive symptoms, anxiety, and negative…”
Emotion Talk in Psychotherapy: A Systematic Review of Conversation Analytic Studies
Zhang, S., Huang, T., Li, H., & Chen, L. (2026) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.70297 · Cited by 2
“…in either emotion generation or emotion regulation are closely associated with emotional and affective problems, emotion regulation is considered a key factor in addressing psychological disorders and enhancing overall well-being (Gross and Ford 2024; Kraiss et al. 2020; Visted et al. 2018).”
The effect of emotion regulation training on psychological well-being and school burnout of nursing students
Feize, A., Nekavand, M., & Moghaddam, L. F. (2022) · International Journal of Health Sciences · doi:10.53730/ijhs.v6ns1.6685 · Cited by 1
“(2020) investigated the effect of emotion regulation training on psychological well-being among patients with mental disorders; the results of their study showed that emotion regulation training could effectively improve mental well-being in patients with mental disorders (Kraiss et al., 2020).”
BackgroundInfluential
Personal and Interpersonal Factors Moderate the Relation Between Human-Made Trauma and Hypertension: A Path Analysis Approach
Bapolisi, A. M., Maurage, P., Georges, C. M. G., Petit, G., Balola, M., Cikomola, C., Rimé, B., Philippot, P., Persu, A., & de Timary, P. (2023) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000001225 · Cited by 3
“Emotion regulation can be adaptive or maladaptive (16), maladaptive emotion regulation strategies being related to psychological and physiological consequences (17), including PTSD (18).”
Background
THE EFFECTS OF PARENTAL CARE AND AUTONOMY ON ADOLESCENTS’ EMOTION DYSREGULATION IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA
Rosharudin, N. A., Hoesni, S. M., Muhammad, N. A., & Ali, M. M. (2023) · Jurnal e-Bangi/e-Bangi · doi:10.17576/ebangi.2023.2003.19 · Cited by 1
Message similarity as a proxy to repetitive thinking: Associations with non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal ideation on social media
Malko, A., Duenser, A., Kangas, M., Mollá, D., & Paris, C. L. (2023) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2023.100320 · Cited by 4
السلوك الإيجابي والتنظيم الانفعالي بصفتهما منبئين بالرفاهية النفسية لدى طلبة الجامعات الفلسطينية
السعدي, ر. ع., & عساف, م. م. ا. (2023) · Journal of Educational Sciences – Qatar University · doi:10.29117/jes.2023.0128 · Cited by 1
Social anxiety of the citizens of Kazakhstan: The dynamics of change and its impact on public consciousness
Duisenova, I., Mukazhanova, A. Z., Simtikov, Z. K., & Abishev, M. (2024) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.23112 · Cited by 1
Investigating the Role of Anger and Cognitive Malfunction in Mental Health: A Cross-Sectional Exploration Paving the Way for a Subsequent Experiment
Kharwar, S., & Singh, P. (2024) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.2024.2334289 · Cited by 1
“People who ruminate daily feel less happy, have poor well-being (Newman & Nezlek, 2017; Kraiss et al., 2020) and engage more in negative thoughts and memories (Nolen-Hoeksema et al., 2008).”
POEM "RUANG HIJAU" BY NATASHA RIZKY AND EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION: THE PSYCHOLOGY OF LITERATURE STUDY
Azhari, A., Artanti, Y., Zikrullah, M., & Destari, D. (2024) · Literature and Literacy · doi:10.21831/litlit.v2i1.308 · Cited by 1
“We may foster a more supportive atmosphere for our mental and physical health by effectively controlling our emotions (Kraiss et al., 2020).”
Background
The situational test of emotional flexibility: The expert´s consensus on the emotion regulation strategy effectiveness
(2024) · doi:10.36315/2024inpact080 · Cited by 1
Associations between parental psychopathology and youth functional emotion regulation brain networks
Karl, V., Beck, D., Eilertsen, E. M., Morawetz, C., Wiker, T., Aksnes, E. R., Norbom, L. B., Ferschmann, L., MacSweeney, N., Voldsbekk, I., et al. (2024) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101476 · Cited by 4
Enhancing Emotion Regulation: A Review of tDCS Effects
Ülker, S. V., & Yağcı, S. (2024) · Current Research in Social Sciences · doi:10.30613/curesosc.1496519 · Cited by 1
“Emotion regulation, therefore, is widely recognized as a critical transdiagnostic factor contributing to the development and maintenance of multiple psychiatric disorders (Kraiss et al., 2020).”
Game-Based Assessment of Emotion Regulation Abilities in College Students. A Usability Study of the RE Think Life Game Assessment System
David, D., & Tomoiagă, C. T. (2025) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2025.2462749 · Cited by 1
“Emotion regulation abilities are of major importance for the mental health outcomes of individuals (Kraiss et al., 2020).”
Who Benefits from Home Treatment? Predictors of Treatment Outcome in an Acute Psychiatric Setting: an Observational Study
Baumann, F., Bergamaschi, V., Warnke, I., Corbisiero, S., Ludwig, F., Riedel, A., Felleiter, K. G., Znoj, H., & Schmidt, S. J. (2025) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-025-10131-z · Cited by 1
“Across the 35 studies examined, small to moderate correlations were found between various emotion regulation strategies and well-being [20].”
Analyzing Emotion Regulation Behaviors in Children and Adolescents with Non-Specific Intellectual Developmental Disabilities (NS-IDDs) During a Game Situation
Vy, M., Dollion, N., Pierrot, A., & Declercq, C. (2025) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-025-06896-8 · Cited by 1
“Indeed, previous studies have demonstrated signifi - cant associations between ER and individual’s well-being (Kraiss et al., 2020), academic achievements (Graziano et al., 2007 ), behavioral disorders (Eisenberg et al., 2010), and social relationships (English et al., 2012), which are all adaptive…”
Peer delivered, emotion regulation-focused mental health prevention training for fire fighter trainees: Design and methodology of a randomized controlled trial
Meyer, E. C., Farchione, T. J., Kimbrel, N. A., Kwok, O., Pennington, M. L., Rostockyj, J. A., & Gulliver, S. B. (2025) · Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications · doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2025.101537 · Cited by 2
“Maladaptive emotion regulation is linked with greater negative emotionality [40] and symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and alcohol and substance use disorders [41 – 43].”
The effect of emotion regulation skills training on mental health, happiness, and organizational performance in employees
Koushkestani, R., Astaneh, A. N., Sadighi, G., Hajikhaniyan, Z., Zarandi, A., & Motahedi, A. (2020) · World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews · doi:10.30574/wjarr.2020.8.2.0388 · Cited by 1
A coparentalidade como mediadora entre a desregulação emocional de mães e a percepção da regulação emocional de seus filhos adolescentes
Euzebio, L. D. C., & Mosmann, C. P. (2023) · Ciencias Psicológicas · doi:10.22235/cp.v17i1.2583 · Cited by 1
“No contexto da psicopatologia déficits na regulação emocional apresentam relações negativas com o bem-estar do sujeito (Kraiss et al., 2020), portanto trata-se de uma amostra de mães com importantes índices de transtorno mental e consequentemente com dificuldades de regulação emocional.”
The Impact of Mental Disorders, Physical Health Conditions, Social Media Usage, and Changes in Employment on Emotional Wellbeing in ColoradoPreprint
Umar, H. U., Easwaran, A., Srivastava, A., Aguilar, Y., Feng, A., Islam, F., Danilov, S., & Shorewala, A. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3918976
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Relationship of Early Maladaptive Schemas and Emotional Cognitive Regulation with the Mental Health of Operating Room Technologists
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“Negative strategies are positively correlated with depression and stress, while positive strategies are negatively associated with psychological well-being (15).”
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Bisbikos, K., & Grant, G. (2024) · Acta Scientific Neurology · doi:10.31080/asne.2024.07.0727
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Authors: Kraiss, J. T., ten Klooster, P. M., Moskowitz, J. T., & Bohlmeijer, E. T.
Affiliations: University of Twente (NL)
Northwestern University (US)
Corresponding author: Kraiss, Jannis T.
ORCID: Kraiss, Jannis T.
Moskowitz, Judith T.
Bohlmeijer, Ernst T.
Venue: Comprehensive Psychiatry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2020-10
Volume: 102
Pages: 152189
ISSN: 0010-440X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152189
OpenAlex: W3035771434
Cited by: 252
References: 119
Citations by year: 2026: 41 · 2025: 67 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 2
FWCI: 3.19
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Comprehensive Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
University of Twente Research Information (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: ZonMw
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Keywords: emotion regulation, well-being, mental illness, psychopathology, emotion regulation strategies, avoidance, rumination, cognitive reappraisal, acceptance, hedonic well-being, eudaimonic well-being
MeSH terms: Emotional Regulation, Mental Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Emotions, Humans, Psychopathology

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The relationship between emotion regulation and well-being in patients with mental disorders: A meta-analysis

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