The DOI matches its Crossref record; 56 of the 57 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Prefrontal control of fear: more than just extinction
Open accessAbstract
Although fear research has largely focused on the amygdala, recent findings highlight cortical control of the amygdala in the service of fear regulation. In rodent models, it is becoming well established that the infralimbic (IL) prefrontal cortex plays a key role in extinction learning, and recent findings are uncovering molecular mechanisms involved in extinction-related plasticity. Furthermore, mounting evidence implicates the prelimbic (PL) prefrontal cortex in the production of fear responses. Both IL and PL integrate inputs from the amygdala, as well as other structures to gate the expression of fear via projections to inhibitory or excitatory circuits within the amygdala. We suggest that dual control of the amygdala by separate prefrontal modules increases the flexibility of an organism's response to danger cues.
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“For example, PL stimulation impairs fear extinction, and PL activity after extinction predicts reduced extinction recall [87], whereas IL activity has the opposite effects [87].”
From Ventromedial prefrontal–subcortical systems and the generation of affective meaning (2012) · cites this paper as [87]
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Cites
An Integrative Theory of Prefrontal Cortex Function
Miller, E. K., & Cohen, J. D. (2001) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.167 · Cited by 12,803 · cited 1×
“com In addition to diverse inputs, mPFC also has divergent outputs capable of coordinating different and sometimes competing brain systems [48,49 ].”
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“IL-mediated inhibition of fear after extinction Although previous recording and lesion studies have implicated IL in extinction [9], recent findings have identified specific molecular cascades in IL involved in extinction learning.”
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Neuronal signalling of fear memory
Maren, S., & Quirk, G. J. (2004) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1535 · Cited by 1,428 · cited 1×
“However, unlike neurons in lateral amygdala whose conditioned responses last only a few hundred milliseconds [32], PL neurons show sustained increases in activity that mirror the time course of freezing responses, lasting tens of seconds [31 ].”
BackgroundSelf-citationAnatomical analysis of afferent projections to the medial prefrontal cortex in the rat
Hoover, W. B., & Vertes, R. P. (2007) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-007-0150-4 · Cited by 1,365 · cited 1×
“Another key input is the ventral hippocampus (Hipp), which unlike the dorsal hippocampus, projects monosynaptically to PL, IL, and BA [44].”
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Scheel-Krüger, J. (1993) · Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy · doi:10.1016/0891-0618(93)90037-5 · Cited by 1,281
The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals
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Switching on and off fear by distinct neuronal circuits
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“Focal inactivation of BA prevented not only renewal of fear after extinction, but also expression of extinction, depending on the time point of inactivation [38 ].”
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Emotional processing in anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex
Etkin, A., Egner, T., & Kalisch, R. (2011) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2010.11.004 · Cited by 3,059
Stress revisited: a critical evaluation of the stress concept
Koolhaas, J. M., Bartolomucci, A., Buwalda, B., de Boer, S. F., Flügge, G., Korte, S. M., Meerlo, P., Murison, R., Olivier, B., Palanza, P., et al. (2011) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.02.003 · Cited by 1,626
“, 2005) and that exerts an inhibitory influence on emotional esponsiveness as observed during extinction of conditioned fear, arrants further investigation (Sotres-Bayon and Quirk, 2010).”
The contextual brain: implications for fear conditioning, extinction and psychopathology
Maren, S., Phan, K. L., & Liberzon, I. (2013) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3492 · Cited by 1,547
Fear Extinction as a Model for Translational Neuroscience: Ten Years of Progress
Milad, M. R., & Quirk, G. J. (2012) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.121208.131631 · Cited by 1,466
“Thus, the prefrontal cortex is not simply an inhibitor, but is able to exert dual control over fear expression via separate modules, each with access to separate sets of inputs and outputs (Sotres-Bayon & Quirk 2010).”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe neural bases of emotion regulation
Etkin, A., Büchel, C., & Gross, J. J. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn4044 · Cited by 1,244
Metadata
- Authors
- Sotres-Bayon, F., & Quirk, G. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus (PR)
- ORCID
- Quirk, Gregory J
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Neurobiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-04
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 231-235
- ISSN
- 0959-4388 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2878722
- OpenAlex
- W2141747781
- Cited by
- 625
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 54 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 62 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 3.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Neurobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5p50mh086400-05, 5r01mh081975-05)
- National Institute of Mental Health (P-50-MH-086400, R01-MH081975, R01MH058883)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- fear extinction, prefrontal cortex, infralimbic cortex, prelimbic cortex, amygdala, fear regulation, fear expression
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Amygdala, Animals, Association Learning, Behavior, Extinction, Psychological, Fear, Humans, Neural Pathways, Neuronal Plasticity, Prefrontal Cortex
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