Principles of synaptogenesis: Insights from Caenorhabditis elegans
Abstract
Synapses are specialized junctions that facilitate communication between neurons and their target cells, playing pivotal roles in neuronal signaling, circuit wiring, and neural activity. Research using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans has been instrumental in characterizing nervous system connectivity and uncovering the underlying genetic basis of synapse assembly, refinement, and remodeling in vivo. Recent advancements in C. elegans gene editing, microscopy, single-cell transcriptome profiling, and computational analysis have significantly advanced the field, enabling mechanistic insights into synapse formation and regulation during development and neural activity. In this review, we describe our current understanding of synapse formation, organization, and refinement based on insights gleaned from C. elegans, highlighting recent discoveries and discussing open questions and future directions.
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Initial contact triggers a cascade of intracellular signaling events that lead to the recruitment and organization of presynaptic and postsynaptic components.
“This initial contact triggers a cascade of intracellular signaling events that lead to the recruitment and organization of presynaptic and postsynaptic components.”
From Molecular Physiology of the Neuronal Synapse (2026) · cites this paper as [74]
Synaptogenesis is initiated when axonal growth cones, extending from developing neurons, encounter their target cells and establish adhesive interactions.
“Synaptogenesis, the formation of new synapses, is initiated when axonal growth cones, extending from developing neurons, encounter their target cells and establish adhesive interactions [49,73,74].”
From Molecular Physiology of the Neuronal Synapse (2026) · cites this paper as [74]
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Molecular Physiology of the Neuronal Synapse
Ramírez-Expósito, M. J., Cueto-Ureña, C., & Martínez-Martos, J. M. (2026) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb48010088 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Synaptogenesis, the formation of new synapses, is initiated when axonal growth cones, extending from developing neurons, encounter their target cells and establish adhesive interactions [49,73,74].”
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Between myelination and synaptogenesis; A study of brain responses among school childrenPreprint
Djankpa, F. T. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7233548
- Authors
- Frankel, E. B., & Kurshan, P. T.
- Affiliations
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Frankel, Elisa B.
- Kurshan, Peri T.
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Neurobiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2025-08
- Volume
- 93
- Pages
- 103056
- ISSN
- 0959-4388 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4411115669
- Cited by
- 7
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7
- FWCI
- 0.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Neurobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative (724490)
- G. Harold and Leila Y. Mathers Foundation
- National Institutes of Health (GM102779, R01NS123645)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Axon Guidance and Neuronal Signaling
- Keywords
- synaptogenesis, synapse refinement, synaptic remodeling, Caenorhabditis elegans, neural circuit development, genome editing, single-cell transcriptomics, synaptic organization
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Neurons, Synapses, Caenorhabditis elegans, Neurogenesis
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