Cited by 2

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A three-arm randomized controlled trial protocol: Effects of telephone-based, layperson-delivered wisdom-enhancement narrative therapy and empathy-focused interventions on loneliness, social, and mental health in older adults

Tang, Vivien Foong Yee, Jiang, Da, Kahlon, Maninder, Chow, Esther Oi-wah, Yeung, Dannii Yuen-lan, Aubrey, Rhonda, Chou, Kee-Lee·2025·Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.conctc.2025.101479

Cites

9 of 9 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figures

Fig. 1 Flowchart illustrating the 3-arm randomized controlled trial. Notes. Tele-NT = Telephone-delivered wisdom enhancement narrative therapy-based intervention; Tele-EP = Telephone-delivered empathy-focused intervention; ACG = Active Control Group.
Fig. 1 Flowchart illustrating the 3-arm randomized controlled trial. Notes. Tele-NT = Telephone-delivered wisdom enhancement narrative therapy-based intervention; Tele-EP = Telephone-delivered empathy-focused intervention; ACG = Active Control Group.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 9 references

Research works printed but not linked: 40

  1. Chou, 2018, Social exclusion in old age: a validation study in Hong Kong, Aging Ment. Health, 22, 1072, 10.1080/13607863.2017.1330870 · DOI
  2. Valtorta, 2016, Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for coronary heart disease and stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal observational studies, Heart, 102, 1009, 10.1136/heartjnl-2015-308790 · DOI · Paper page
  3. Fox, 1994, Loneliness, emotional repression, marital quality, and major life events in women who develop breast cancer, J. Community Health, 19, 467, 10.1007/BF02260327 · DOI
  4. Rico-Uribe, 2018, Association of loneliness with all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis, PLoS One, 13, 10.1371/journal.pone.0190033 · DOI
  5. Cohen-Mansfield, 2015, Interventions for alleviating loneliness among older persons: a critical review, Am. J. Health Promot., 29, e109, 10.4278/ajhp.130418-LIT-182 · DOI · Paper page
  6. Fakoya, 2020, Loneliness and social isolation interventions for older adults: a scoping review of reviews, BMC Public Health, 20, 129, 10.1186/s12889-020-8251-6 · DOI · Paper page
  7. Nguyen, 2021, Association of loneliness and wisdom with gut microbial diversity and composition: an exploratory study, Front. Psychiatr., 12, 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.648475 · DOI
  8. Jeste, 2010, Expert consensus on characteristics of wisdom: a Delphi method study, Gerontol., 50, 668, 10.1093/geront/gnq022 · DOI
  9. Chow, 2010, Spiritual distress to spiritual transformation: stroke survivor narratives from Hong Kong, J. Aging Stud., 24, 313, 10.1016/j.jaging.2010.06.001 · DOI
  10. Chow, 2021, Narrative group intervention to rediscover life wisdom among Hong Kong Chinese older adults: a single-blind randomized waitlist-controlled trial, Innovation in Aging, 5, igab027, 10.1093/geroni/igab027 · DOI
  11. Daniels, 2015, Aging, depression, and wisdom: a pilot study of life-review intervention and PTSD treatment with two groups of Vietnam veterans, J. Gerontol. Soc. Work, 58, 420, 10.1080/01634372.2015.1013657 · DOI
  12. Tejada, 2017, Being unempathic will make your loved ones feel lonelier: loneliness in an evolutionary perspective, Pers. Indiv. Differ., 116, 223, 10.1016/j.paid.2017.04.042 · DOI
  13. Hu, 2020, Absence and presence of human interaction: the relationship between loneliness and empathy, Front. Psychol., 11, 768, 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00768 · DOI
  14. Preston, 2019, Ringing the changes: the role of telephone communication in a helpline and befriending service targeting loneliness in older people, Ageing Soc., 39, 1528, 10.1017/S0144686X18000120 · DOI
  15. De Waal, 2008, Putting the altruism back into altruism: the evolution of empathy, Annu. Rev. Psychol., 59, 279, 10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093625 · DOI · Paper page
  16. Kahlon, 2021, Effect of layperson-delivered, empathy-focused program of telephone calls on loneliness, depression, and anxiety among adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: a randomized clinical trial, JAMA Psychiatry, 78, 616, 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.0113 · DOI · Paper page
  17. McHugh, 2013, Perceived stress mediates the relationship between emotional loneliness and sleep quality over time in older adults, Br. J. Health Psychol., 18, 546, 10.1111/j.2044-8287.2012.02101.x · DOI
  18. Hawkley, 2018, Transitions in loneliness among older adults: a 5-year follow-up in the national social life, health, and aging Project, Res. Aging, 40, 365, 10.1177/0164027517698965 · DOI
  19. De Jong Gierveld, 2010, The De Jong Gierveld short scales for emotional and social loneliness: tested on data from 7 countries in the UN generations and gender surveys, Eur. J. Ageing, 7, 121, 10.1007/s10433-010-0144-6 · DOI · Paper page
  20. Dahlberg, 2022, A systematic review of longitudinal risk factors for loneliness in older adults, Aging Ment. Health, 26, 225, 10.1080/13607863.2021.1876638 · DOI
  21. Chan, 2013, SPIRIT 2013 statement: defining standard protocol items for clinical trials, Ann. Intern. Med., 158, 200, 10.7326/0003-4819-158-3-201302050-00583 · DOI · Paper page
  22. De Jong Gierveld, 2006, A 6-item scale for overall, emotional, and social loneliness, Res. Aging, 28, 582, 10.1177/0164027506289723 · DOI · Paper page
  23. Leung, 2008, Validation of the Chinese translation of the 6-item De Jong Gierveld loneliness scale in elderly Chinese, Int. Psychogeriatr., 20, 1262, 10.1017/S1041610208007552 · DOI
  24. Russell, 1980, The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: concurrent and discriminant validity evidence, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 472, 10.1037/0022-3514.39.3.472 · DOI · Paper page
  25. Chou, 2005, Assessing Chinese older adults' suicidal ideation: Chinese version of the Geriatric Suicide Ideation Scale, Aging Ment. Health, 9, 167, 10.1080/13607860412331336805 · DOI
  26. Espie, 2014, The Sleep Condition Indicator: a clinical screening tool to evaluate insomnia disorder, BMJ Open, 4, 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004183 · DOI · Paper page
  27. Wong, 2017, Psychometric properties of the sleep condition indicator and insomnia severity Index in the evaluation of insomnia disorder, Sleep Med., 33, 76, 10.1016/j.sleep.2016.05.019 · DOI
  28. Chou, 2000, Assessing Chinese adolescents' social support: the multidimensional scale of perceived social support, Pers. Indiv. Differ., 28, 299, 10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00098-7 · DOI · Paper page
  29. Zimet, 1988, The multidimensional scale of perceived social support, J. Pers. Assess., 52, 30, 10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2 · DOI · Paper page
  30. Yu, 2012, The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for measuring depressive symptoms among the general population in Hong Kong, Compr. Psychiatry, 53, 95, 10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.11.002 · DOI
  31. Spitzer, 1999, Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: the PHQ primary care study, JAMA, 282, 1737, 10.1001/jama.282.18.1737 · DOI · Paper page
  32. Chan, 2023, The psychometric properties of the Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS-6) and its associations with well-being indicators in Hong Kong older adults, Australas. J. Ageing, 42, 683, 10.1111/ajag.13214 · DOI
  33. Lubben, 1988, Assessing social networks among elderly populations, Fam. Community Health, 11, 42, 10.1097/00003727-198811000-00008 · DOI
  34. Fung, 2020, Development and validation of a brief self-assessed wisdom scale, BMC Geriatr., 20, 54, 10.1186/s12877-020-1456-9 · DOI
  35. Chow, 2017, The role of meaning in life: mediating the effects of perceived knowledge of stroke on depression and life satisfaction among stroke survivors, Clin. Rehabil., 31, 1664, 10.1177/0269215517708604 · DOI
  36. Warner, 1987, The meaning in life scale: determining the reliability and validity of a measure, J. Chron. Dis., 40, 503, 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90007-5 · DOI · Paper page
  37. Choi, 2020, Improving social connectedness for homebound older adults: randomized controlled trial of tele-delivered behavioral activation versus tele-delivered friendly visits, Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatr., 28, 698, 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.02.008 · DOI
  38. Chou, 2018, Superimpose material deprivation study on poverty old age people in Hong Kong study, Soc. Indic. Res., 139, 1015, 10.1007/s11205-017-1740-z · DOI
  39. Li, 2017, An introduction to multiplicity issues in clinical trials: the what, why, when and how, Int. J. Epidemiol., 46, 746
  40. Danner, 2007, Running from the demon: culturally specific group therapy for depressed Hmong women in a family medicine residency clinic, Women Ther., 30, 151, 10.1300/J015v30n01_07 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 2

Metadata

Authors
Tang, V. F. Y., Jiang, D., Kahlon, M., Chow, E. O.-W., Yeung, D. Y.-L., Aubrey, R., & Chou, K.-L.
Venue
Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2025-06
Volume
45
Pages
101479
ISSN
2451-8654
Cited by
2
References
9
Language
en
Funders
University Grants Committee Research Grants Council (18623922)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A three-arm randomized controlled trial protocol: Effects of telephone-based, layperson-delivered wisdom-enhancement narrative therapy and empathy-focused interventions on loneliness, social, and mental health in older adults. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.conctc.2025.101479
The paper
Tang, V. F. Y., Jiang, D., Kahlon, M., Chow, E. O.-W., Yeung, D. Y.-L., Aubrey, R., & Chou, K.-L. (2025). A three-arm randomized controlled trial protocol: Effects of telephone-based, layperson-delivered wisdom-enhancement narrative therapy and empathy-focused interventions on loneliness, social, and mental health in older adults. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conctc.2025.101479