Loneliness predicts increased blood pressure: 5-year cross-lagged analyses in middle-aged and older adults.
Open accessAbstract
Loneliness is a prevalent social problem with serious physiological and health implications. However, much of the research to date is based on cross-sectional data, including our own earlier finding that loneliness was associated with elevated blood pressure (Hawkley, Masi, Berry & Cacioppo, 2006). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the effect of loneliness accumulates to produce greater increases in systolic blood pressure (SBP) over a 4-year period than are observed in less lonely individuals. A population-based sample of 229 50- to 68-year-old White, Black, and Hispanic men and women in the Chicago Health, Aging, and Social Relations Study was tested annually for each of 5 consecutive years. Cross-lagged panel analyses revealed that loneliness at study onset predicted increases in SBP 2, 3, and 4 years later (B = 0.152, SE = 0.091, p < .05, one-tailed). These increases were cumulative such that higher initial levels of loneliness were associated with greater increases in SBP over a 4-year period. The effect of loneliness on SBP was independent of age, gender, race or ethnicity, cardiovascular risk factors, medications, health conditions, and the effects of depressive symptoms, social support, perceived stress, and hostility.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Loneliness is linked to a variety of negative health outcomes, including high blood pressure, disability, functional decline, depression, and cognitive decline.
“research demonstrates that loneliness is linked to a variety of negative health outcomes, including high blood pressure [4], disability [5], functional decline [2], depression [6], and cognitive decline [7].”
Feeling lonely or being socially isolated is associated with defective immune functioning and higher blood pressure.
“Feeling lonely or being socially isolated is associated with defective immune functioning and higher blood pressure.8 9”
Other research links subjective and objective isolation to hypertension, a risk factor for both stroke and CHD.
“This is in line with other research linking subjective and objective isolation to hypertension, a risk factor for both stroke and CHD.8 9”
Loneliness, independent of social network size, is associated with increased blood pressure, higher rates of diabetes, hypertension, arthritis, emphysema, Alzheimer's disease, and poor health habits from lack of self-control.
“Consistent with this, loneliness—independent of social network size—is associated with higher mortality13,193 increased blood pressure11,194, higher rate of diabetes, hypertension, arthritis, emphysema195, and Alzheimer’s disease196, along with poor health habits stemming from a lack of self-control197,198.”
From Neural mechanisms of social homeostasis (2019) · cites this paper as [194]
Loneliness and poor social support are predictive of development of coronary heart disease and stroke, increases in systolic blood pressure, and chronic pain in longitudinal studies.
“They are also predictive of development of coronary heart disease and stroke [7], increases in systolic blood pressure [8, 9], and chronic pain [10, 11] in longitudinal studies.”
From Associations between loneliness and perceived social support and outcomes of mental health problems: a systematic review (2018) · cites this paper as [8]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705519909540118 · Cited by 108,788 · see citing works
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267 · see citing works
Charlson, M. E., Pompei, P., Ales, K. L., & MacKenzie, C. R. (1987) · Journal of Chronic Diseases · doi:10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8 · Cited by 49,742 · see citing works
Alternative Ways of Assessing Model Fit
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992) · Sociological Methods & Research · doi:10.1177/0049124192021002005 · Cited by 27,200 · see citing works
Statistical Analysis With Missing Data
Lahiff, M., Little, R. J. A., & Rubin, D. B. (1989) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2289883 · Cited by 17,384 · see citing works
Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling.
MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W., & Sugawara, H. M. (1996) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.1.2.130 · Cited by 10,418 · see citing works
Social Relationships and Health
House, J. S., Landis, K. R., & Umberson, D. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3399889 · Cited by 7,073 · see citing works
BERKMAN, L. F., & SYME, S. L. (1979) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112674 · Cited by 5,341 · see citing works
The Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: concurrent and discriminant validity evidence
Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona, C. E. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.39.3.472 · Cited by 5,173 · see citing works
A Short Scale for Measuring Loneliness in Large Surveys: Results From Two Population-Based Studies
Hughes, M. E., Waite, L. J., Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2004) · Research on Aging · doi:10.1177/0164027504268574 · Cited by 4,781 · see citing works
Self-citation(1988) · Cited by 4,111 · see citing works
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2009 Update
WRITING GROUP MEMBERS, Lloyd‐Jones, D. M., Adams, R. J., Carnethon, M. R., SIMONE, G. D., Ferguson, T. B., Flegal, K. M., Ford, E. S., Furie, K. L., Go, A. S., et al. (2009) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.191259 · Cited by 3,891 · see citing works
Roberts, B. W., Walton, K. E., & Viechtbauer, W. (2006) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.1.1 · Cited by 3,318 · see citing works
Roberts, B. W., & DelVecchio, W. F. (2000) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.1.3 · Cited by 3,241 · see citing works
Rozanski, A., Blumenthal, J. A., & Kaplan, J. (1999) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.99.16.2192 · Cited by 2,846 · see citing works
Loneliness: the experience of emotional and social isolation
Weiss, R. S. (1974) · Cited by 2,548 · see citing works
Rosengren, A., Hawken, S., Ôunpuu, S., Sliwa, K., Zubaid, M., Almahmeed, W. A., Blackett, K. N., Sitthi-amorn, C., Sato, H., & Yusuf, S. (2004) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)17019-0 · Cited by 2,414 · see citing works
Cacioppo, J. T., Hughes, M. E., Waite, L. J., Hawkley, L. C., & Thisted, R. A. (2006) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.21.1.140 · Cited by 2,380 · see citing works
Self-citationHemodynamic Patterns of Age-Related Changes in Blood Pressure: The Framingham Heart Study
Franklin, S. S., Gustin, W., Wong, N. D., Larson, M. G., Weber, M. A., Kannel, W. B., & Levy, D. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.1.308 · Cited by 2,321 · see citing works
Perceived social isolation and cognition
Cacioppo, J. T., & Hawkley, L. C. (2009) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2009.06.005 · Cited by 2,144 · see citing works
Self-citationA Meta-Analysis of Interventions to Reduce Loneliness
Masi, C. M., Chen, H.-Y., Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2011) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868310377394 · Cited by 1,995 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Do effective interventions for loneliness exist? We recently completed a meta-analysis examining the effectiveness of interventions for loneliness published between 1970 and April 2009 (Masi, Chen, Hawkley, & Cacioppo, 2009).”
Self-citationLoneliness: A Sourcebook of Current Theory, Research and Therapy.
Peplau, L. A., & Perlman, D. (1984) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2068915 · Cited by 1,937 · see citing works
Social Isolation in America: Changes in core discussion networks over two decades.
McPherson, M., Smith-Lovin, L., & Brashears, M. E. (2006) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/000312240607100301 · Cited by 1,887 · see citing works
Loneliness: human nature and the need for social connection
(2008) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.46-1765 · Cited by 1,572 · see citing works
Self-citationProposed hostility and Pharisaic-virtue scales for the MMPI.
Cook, W. W., & Medley, D. M. (1954) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0060667 · Cited by 1,489 · see citing works
Loneliness and Risk of Alzheimer Disease
Wilson, R. S., Krueger, K. R., Arnold, S. E., Schneider, J. A., Kelly, J. F., Barnes, L. L., Tang, Y., & Bennett, D. A. (2007) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.2.234 · Cited by 1,363 · see citing works
Loneliness and health: potential mechanisms
Cacioppo, J. T., Hawkley, L. C., Crawford, L. E., Ernst, J. M., Burleson, M. H., Kowalewski, R. B., Malarkey, W. B., Van Cauter, E., & Berntson, G. G. (2002) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200205000-00005 · Cited by 1,149 · see citing works
Self-citationCan Comorbidity Be Measured By Questionnaire Rather than Medical Record Review?
Katz, J. N., Chang, L. C., SANGHA, O., Fossel, A. H., & Bates, D. W. (1996) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-199601000-00006 · Cited by 1,035 · see citing works
Loneliness within a nomological net: An evolutionary perspective
Cacioppo, J. T., Hawkley, L. C., Ernst, J. M., Burleson, M., Berntson, G. G., Nouriani, B., & Spiegel, D. (2006) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2005.11.007 · Cited by 1,010 · see citing works
Self-citationAdvances in Psychology Research
Columbus, F. H., Shohov, S. P., & Columbus, A. M. (2001) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 911 · see citing works
Day-to-day dynamics of experience–cortisol associations in a population-based sample of older adults
Adam, E. K., Hawkley, L. C., Kudielka, B. M., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0605053103 · Cited by 782 · see citing works
Self-citationSocial regulation of gene expression in human leukocytes
Cole, S. W., Hawkley, L. C., Arevalo, J. M., Sung, C. Y., Rose, R. M., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2007) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2007-8-9-r189 · Cited by 745 · see citing works
Self-citationBorgatta, E. F., & Loeb, M. B. (1979) · Research on Aging · doi:10.1177/016402757911001 · Cited by 731 · see citing works
Whelton, P. K. (1994) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(94)91285-8 · Cited by 711 · see citing works
Hawkley, L. C., Hughes, M. E., Waite, L. J., Masi, C. M., Thisted, R. A., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2008) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences · doi:10.1093/geronb/63.6.s375 · Cited by 666 · see citing works
Self-citationSteptoe, A., Owen, N., Kunz-Ebrecht, S. R., & Brydon, L. (2004) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(03)00086-6 · Cited by 620 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Loneliness has also been associated with increased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis as reflected in higher levels of circulating cortisol (Pressman et al., 2005) and an elevated salivary cortisol response to awakening (Adam et al., 2006; Steptoe et al., 2004).”
BackgroundLoneliness, social network size, and immune response to influenza vaccination in college freshmen
Pressman, S. D., Cohen, S., Miller, G. E., Barkin, A., Rabin, B. S., & Treanor, J. J. (2005) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.24.3.297 · Cited by 608 · see citing works
Loneliness predicts reduced physical activity: Cross-sectional & longitudinal analyses.
Hawkley, L. C., Thisted, R. A., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2009) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0014400 · Cited by 608 · see citing works
Self-citationLoneliness in everyday life: Cardiovascular activity, psychosocial context, and health behaviors.
Hawkley, L. C., Burleson, M. H., Berntson, G. G., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.1.105 · Cited by 608 · see citing works
Self-citationVICTOR, C. R., SCAMBLER, S. J., BOWLING, A., & BOND, J. (2005) · Ageing and Society · doi:10.1017/s0144686x04003332 · Cited by 572 · see citing works
Loneliness is a unique predictor of age-related differences in systolic blood pressure.
Hawkley, L. C., Masi, C. M., Berry, J. D., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2006) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.21.1.152 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Self-citationDo Lonely Days Invade the Nights? Potential Social Modulation of Sleep Efficiency
Cacioppo, J. T., Hawkley, L. C., Berntson, G. G., Ernst, J. M., Gibbs, A. C., Stickgold, R., & Hobson, J. A. (2002) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00469 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Self-citationPenninx, B. W. J. H., van Tilburg, T., Kriegsman, D. M. W., Deeg, D. J. H., Boeke, A. J. P., & van Eijk, J. T. M. (1997) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009305 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
Socially Isolated Children 20 Years Later: Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Caspi, A., Harrington, H., Moffitt, T. E., Milne, B. J., & Poulton, R. (2006) · Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.160.8.805 · Cited by 414 · see citing works
Continuity and Change in the American Family
Bianchi, S. M. (2001) · Cited by 402 · see citing works
Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2007) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00501.x · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Self-citationUrinary Cortisol Levels, Cellular Immunocompetency, and Loneliness in Psychiatric Inpatients
Kiecolt‐Glaser, J. K., Ricker, D. M., George, J. M., Messick, G., Speicher, C. E., Garner, W. L., & Glaser, R. (1984) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-198401000-00004 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Depressive symptoms in late life: a 10-year follow-up
Heikkinen, R.-L., & Kauppinen, M. (2004) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2003.10.004 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Multivariate Applications in Substance Use Research
(2000) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410604217 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Exercise Patterns in a Population of Older Adults
McPhillips, J. B., Pellettera, K. M., Barrett-Connor, E. L., Wingard, D. L., & Criqui, M. H. (1989) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(18)31107-3 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Loneliness and nursing home admission among rural older adults.
Russell, D. W., Cutrona, C. E., de la Mora, A., & Wallace, R. B. (1997) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037//0882-7974.12.4.574 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Risk factors for loneliness in adulthood and old age--a meta-analysis.
Pinquart, M., & Sörensen, S. (2003) · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Gierveld, J. D. J., & van Tilburg, T. G. (1999) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology · doi:10.1023/a:1006600825693 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Educational Attainment in the United States: 2003. Population Characteristics.
Stoops, N. (2004) · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Change in Blood Pressure Associated With Aging
Roux, A. V. D., Chambless, L. E., Merkin, S. S., Arnett, D. K., Eigenbrodt, M. L., Nieto, F. J., Szklo, M., & Sorlie, P. D. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000025402.84600.cd · Cited by 112 · see citing works
A Latent Curve Framework for the Study of Developmental Trajectories in Adolescent Substance Use
(2000) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410604217-7 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Loneliness as a predictor of hospital emergency department use.
Geller, J. S., Janson, P., McGovern, E., & Valdini, A. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Psychosocial factors in the development of hypertension
Steptoe, A. (2000) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.3109/07853890008995940 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
The lives and times of the baby boomers
Hughes, M. E., & O’Rand, A. M. (2005) · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Kudielka, B. M., Hawkley, L. C., Adam, E. K., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2007) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf02872675 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationOrth‐Gomér, K., Albus, C., Bagés, N., DeBacker, G., Deter, H., Herrmann‐Lingen, C., Oldenburg, B. F., Sans, S., Williams, R. B., & Schneiderman, N. (2005) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15327558ijbm1203_2 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Bell, I. R., Martino, G. M., Meredith, K. E., Schwartz, G. E., Siani, M. M., & Morrow, F. D. (1993) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/0301-0511(93)90090-u · Cited by 42 · see citing works
A 5-year follow-up of ambulatory blood pressure in healthy older adults
Goldstein, I. (2003) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/s0895-7061(03)00906-3 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Community response to homelessness: Social change and constraint in local intervention
Dowell, D. A., & Farmer, G. C. (1992) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/1520-6629(199201)20:1 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Cheng S-T Loneliness-distress and physician utilization in well-elderly females Journal of Community Psychology 1992 20 1 43 56
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Loneliness matters: a theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms
Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2010) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-010-9210-8 · Cited by 4,782 · see citing works
“, 1 year) fluctuations in loneliness were not significant predictors of SBP changes over 1-year intervals, but a trait-like component of loneliness present at study onset contributed to greater increases in SBP over 2-, 3-, and 4-year intervals [22].”
Self-citationSocial isolation, loneliness, and all-cause mortality in older men and women
Steptoe, A., Shankar, A., Demakakos, P., & Wardle, J. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1219686110 · Cited by 2,503 · see citing works
A Meta-Analysis of Interventions to Reduce Loneliness
Masi, C. M., Chen, H.-Y., Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2011) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868310377394 · Cited by 1,995 · see citing works
Self-citationValtorta, N. K., Kanaan, M., Gilbody, S., Ronzi, S., & Hanratty, B. (2016) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2015-308790 · Cited by 1,971 · see citing works
Wang, J., Mann, F., Lloyd-Evans, B., Ma, R., & Johnson, S. (2018) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-018-1736-5 · Cited by 1,494 · see citing works
Social isolation, loneliness and health in old age: a scoping review
Courtin, E., & Knapp, M. (2017) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1111/hsc.12311 · Cited by 1,463 · see citing works
Loneliness in Older Persons: A Predictor of Functional Decline and Death
Perissinotto, C. M., Stijacic Cenzer, I., & Covinsky, K. E. (2012) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2012.1993 · Cited by 1,269 · see citing works
Loneliness, health, and mortality in old age: A national longitudinal study
Luo, Y., Hawkley, L. C., Waite, L. J., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2012) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.11.028 · Cited by 1,232 · see citing works
Self-citationLoneliness, social isolation, and behavioral and biological health indicators in older adults.
Shankar, A., McMunn, A., Banks, J., & Steptoe, A. (2011) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0022826 · Cited by 1,100 · see citing works
Social relationships and health: The toxic effects of perceived social isolation
Cacioppo, J. T., & Cacioppo, S. (2014) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12087 · Cited by 1,057 · see citing works
Self-citationStress and Cardiovascular Disease: An Update on Current Knowledge
Steptoe, A., & Kivimäki, M. (2013) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114452 · Cited by 879 · see citing works
Donovan, N. J., & Blazer, D. (2020) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2020.08.005 · Cited by 739 · see citing works
Toward a neurology of loneliness
Cacioppo, S., Capitanio, J. P., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2014) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0037618 · Cited by 623 · see citing works
Self-citationObjective Light-Intensity Physical Activity Associations With Rated Health in Older Adults
Buman, M. P., Hekler, E. B., Haskell, W. L., Pruitt, L., Conway, T. L., Cain, K. L., Sallis, J. F., Saelens, B. E., Frank, L. D., & King, A. C. (2010) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwq249 · Cited by 528 · see citing works
Perceived social isolation, evolutionary fitness and health outcomes: a lifespan approach
Hawkley, L. C., & Capitanio, J. P. (2015) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2014.0114 · Cited by 468 · see citing works
Self-citationThe impact of technology on older adults’ social isolation
Khosravi, P., Rezvani, A., & Wiewiora, A. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.092 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
The Stability and Change of Loneliness Across the Life Span: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies
Mund, M., Freuding, M. M., Möbius, K., Horn, N., & Neyer, F. J. (2020) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868319850738 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Lonely young adults in modern Britain: findings from an epidemiological cohort study
Matthews, T., Danese, A., Caspi, A., Fisher, H. L., Goldman-Mellor, S., Kepa, A., Moffitt, T. E., Odgers, C. L., & Arseneault, L. (2019) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718000788 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Mann, F., Bone, J. K., Lloyd-Evans, B., Frerichs, J., Pinfold, V., Ma, R., Wang, J., & Johnson, S. (2017) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-017-1392-y · Cited by 346 · see citing works
“Where are all the lonely people?” A population-based study of high-risk groups across the life span
Lasgaard, M., Friis, K., & Shevlin, M. (2016) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-016-1279-3 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Neural mechanisms of social homeostasis
Matthews, G. A., & Tye, K. M. (2019) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.14016 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Zhong, B.-L., Chen, S.-L., Tu, X., & Conwell, Y. (2017) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbw037 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Loneliness and stress-related inflammatory and neuroendocrine responses in older men and women
Hackett, R. A., Hamer, M., Endrighi, R., Brydon, L., & Steptoe, A. (2012) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.03.016 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Loneliness and Mortality Among Older Adults in China
Luo, Y., & Waite, L. J. (2014) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbu007 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Loneliness Across Phylogeny and a Call for Comparative Studies and Animal Models
Cacioppo, J. T., Cacioppo, S., Cole, S. W., Capitanio, J. P., Goossens, L., & Boomsma, D. I. (2015) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691614564876 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Self-citationA prospective study of social isolation, loneliness, and mortality in Finland
Tanskanen, J., & Anttila, T. (2016) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2016.303431 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Psychosocial Risk Factors for Hypertension: an Update of the Literature
Cuffee, Y., Ogedegbe, C., Williams, N. J., Ogedegbe, G., & Schoenthaler, A. (2014) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-014-0483-3 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Sleeping with one eye open: loneliness and sleep quality in young adults
Matthews, T., Danese, A., Gregory, A. M., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., & Arseneault, L. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291717000629 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Über-Alienated: Powerless and Alone in the Gig Economy
Glavin, P., Bierman, A., & Schieman, S. (2021) · Work and Occupations · doi:10.1177/07308884211024711 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Harris, R. A., Qualter, P., & Robinson, S. J. (2013) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.12.009 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Holwerda, T. J., van Tilburg, T. G., Deeg, D. J. H., Schutter, N., Van, R., Dekker, J., Stek, M. L., Beekman, A. T. F., & Schoevers, R. A. (2016) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.168005 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Balki, E., Hayes, N., & Holland, C. (2022) · JMIR Aging · doi:10.2196/40125 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Oral health-related quality of life and loneliness among older adults
Rouxel, P., Heilmann, A., Demakakos, P., Aida, J., Tsakos, G., & Watt, R. G. (2017) · European Journal of Ageing · doi:10.1007/s10433-016-0392-1 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Nersesian, P. V., Han, H.-R., Yenokyan, G., Blumenthal, R. S., Nolan, M. T., Hladek, M. D., & Szanton, S. L. (2018) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.04.007 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Neural responses to exclusion predict susceptibility to social influence.
Falk, E. B., Cascio, C. N., Brook O'Donnell, M., Carp, J., Tinney, F. J., Bingham, C. R., Shope, J. T., Ouimet, M. C., Pradhan, A. K., & Simons-Morton, B. G. (2014) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.12.035 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Yu, B., Steptoe, A., Chen, L.-J., Chen, Y.-H., Lin, C.-H., & Ku, P.-W. (2020) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000777 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Zhou, X., Sedikides, C., Mo, T., Li, W., Hong, E. K., & Wildschut, T. (2022) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/19485506211041830 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Kok, B. E., & Singer, T. (2017) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.3360 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Van Orden, K. A., Stone, D. M., Rowe, J., McIntosh, W. L., Podgorski, C., & Conwell, Y. (2013) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2013.03.003 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Bott, N., Wexler, S., Drury, L., Pollak, C., Wang, V., Scher, K., & Narducci, S. (2019) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/13440 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“6 million older adults suffer from chronic loneliness [3]; research demonstrates that loneliness is linked to a variety of negative health outcomes, including high blood pressure [4], disability [5], functional decline [2], depression [6], and cognitive decline [7].”
BackgroundBoucher, E. M., McNaughton, E. C., Harake, N., Stafford, J. L., & Parks, A. C. (2021) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/26617 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Adams, R. N., Mosher, C. E., Rand, K. L., Hirsh, A. T., Monahan, P. O., Abonour, R., & Kroenke, K. (2017) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-017-1518-4 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Norman, G. J., Hawkley, L., Ball, A., Berntson, G. G., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2013) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.12.008 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationZok, A., Matecka, M., Zapala, J., Izycki, D., & Baum, E. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20043770 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“This is particularly relevant during the pandemic period, as isolation also induced feelings of loneliness among patients, which can further compound negative health effects not only in terms of mental health, but also with physical illnesses such as cardiovascular disease [44,45] and elevated blood pressure [46,47].”
Background
- Authors
- Hawkley, L. C., Thisted, R. A., Masi, C. M., & Cacioppo, J. T.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- Venue
- Psychology and Aging
- Published
- 2010-03
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 132-141
- ISSN
- 0882-7974 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1498
- PMC
- PMC2841310
- OpenAlex
- W2101196871
- Cited by
- 726
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 61 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 89 · 2021: 60 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 20.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychology and Aging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01-AG036433-01; R01-AG034052)
- John Templeton Foundation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Keywords
- loneliness, systolic blood pressure, hypertension, middle-aged and older adults, cumulative effects, social isolation, cardiovascular risk
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aging, Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Diseases, Chicago, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Female, Health Surveys, Hostility, Humans, Loneliness, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Social Support, Socioeconomic Factors, Stress, Psychological, Health Behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
