Cited by 285Bioenergy crop production and managementBioeconomy and Sustainability DevelopmentForest Biomass Utilization and Management

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The global technical potential of bio-energy in 2050 considering sustainability constraints

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Haberl, Helmut, Beringer, Tim, Bhattacharya, Sribas C, Erb, Karl-Heinz, Hoogwijk, Monique·2010·Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability

DOI 10.1016/j.cosust.2010.10.007PMC PMC3778854

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Abstract

Bio-energy, that is, energy produced from organic non-fossil material of biological origin, is promoted as a substitute for non-renewable (e.g., fossil) energy to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and dependency on energy imports. At present, global bio-energy use amounts to approximately 50 EJ/yr, about 10% of humanity's primary energy supply. We here review recent literature on the amount of bio-energy that could be supplied globally in 2050, given current expectations on technology, food demand and environmental targets ('technical potential'). Recent studies span a large range of global bio-energy potentials from ≈30 to over 1000 EJ/yr. In our opinion, the high end of the range is implausible because of (1) overestimation of the area available for bio-energy crops due to insufficient consideration of constraints (e.g., area for food, feed or nature conservation) and (2) too high yield expectations resulting from extrapolation of plot-based studies to large, less productive areas. According to this review, the global technical primary bio-energy potential in 2050 is in the range of 160-270 EJ/yr if sustainability criteria are considered. The potential of bio-energy crops is at the lower end of previously published ranges, while residues from food production and forestry could provide significant amounts of energy based on an integrated optimization ('cascade utilization') of biomass flows.

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Authors: Haberl, H., Beringer, T., Bhattacharya, S. C., Erb, K.-H., & Hoogwijk, M.
Affiliations: Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (DE)
Indian Institute of Social Welfare and Business Management (IN)
Ecofys (Netherlands) (NL)
Corresponding author: Haberl, Helmut
ORCID: Haberl, Helmut
Beringer, Tim
Bhattacharya, Sribas C
Erb, Karl-Heinz
Venue: Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2010-12
Volume: 2
Issue: 5-6
Pages: 394-403
ISSN: 1877-3435 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.cosust.2010.10.007
PMC: PMC3778854
OpenAlex: W1964860660
Cited by: 285
References: 62
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 29
FWCI: 3.13
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ (vor, 958 d)
Locations: Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
RENATE (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Publication Database PIK (Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Bioenergy crop production and management
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › General Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Bioeconomy and Sustainability Development
Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Forest Biomass Utilization and Management
Keywords: technical potential, 2050 energy scenarios, sustainability constraints, land availability, food demand, nature conservation, biomass residues, cascade utilization, greenhouse gas emissions, energy import dependence

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The global technical potential of bio-energy in 2050 considering sustainability constraints

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