Digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia reduces insomnia in nurses suffering from shift work disorder: A randomised‐controlled pilot trial
Open accessAbstract
Summary: Insomnia is a primary symptom of shift work disorder, yet it remains undertreated. This randomised‐controlled pilot trial examined the efficacy of a digital, guided cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia adapted to shift work (SleepCare) in nurses with shift work disorder. The hypothesis was that SleepCare reduces insomnia severity compared with a waitlist control condition. A total of 46 unmedicated nurses suffering from shift work disorder with insomnia (age: 39.7 ± 12.1 years; 80.4% female) were randomised to the SleepCare group or the waitlist control group. The primary outcome measure was the Insomnia Severity Index. Other questionnaires on sleep, mental health and occupational functioning, sleep diary data and actigraphy data were analysed as secondary outcomes. Assessments were conducted before (T0), after the intervention/waitlist period (T1), and 6 months after treatment completion (T2). The SleepCare group showed a significant reduction in insomnia severity from T0 to T1 compared with the control condition (β = −4.73, SE = 1.12, p < 0.001). Significant improvements were observed in sleepiness, dysfunctional beliefs about sleep, pre‐sleep arousal, sleep effort, self‐reported sleep efficiency and sleep onset latency. No significant effect was found in actigraphy data. Depressive and anxiety symptoms, cognitive irritation and work ability improved significantly. Overall, satisfaction and engagement with the intervention was high. SleepCare improved insomnia severity, sleep, mental health and occupational functioning. This is the first randomised‐controlled trial investigating the efficacy of digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia in a population suffering from shift work disorder with insomnia. Future research should further explore these effects with larger sample sizes and active control conditions.
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A recent study [21] shows very encouraging results for a digital CBT-I adapted to shift workers, although it was only tested on a waiting list control group.
“A recent study [21] shows very encouraging results for a digital CBT-I adapted to shift workers, although it was only tested on a waiting list control group.”
From Efficacy study comparing a CBT-I developed for shift workers (CBT-I-S) to standard CBT-I (cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia) on sleep onset latency, total sleep time, subjective sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness: study protocol for a parallel group randomised controlled trial with online therapy groups of seven sessions each (2024) · cites this paper as [21]
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Research works printed but not linked: 1
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Sorted by citations
Grünberger, T., Höhn, C., Schabus, M., & Laireiter, A.-R. (2024) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-024-08403-3 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ell, J., Brückner, H. A., Johann, A. F., Steinmetz, L., Güth, L. J., Feige, B., Järnefelt, H., Vallières, A., Frase, L., Domschke, K., Riemann, D., Lehr, D., & Spiegelhalder, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- Leuphana University of Lüneburg (DE)
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FI)
- Université Laval (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Ell, Johanna
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Sleep Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2024-03-14
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- e14193-e14193
- ISSN
- 0962-1105 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2869
- PMC
- PMC11596998
- OpenAlex
- W4394765964
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 4
- FWCI
- 10.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Sleep Research (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- FreiDok plus (Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg) (submittedVersion)
- Multilingual Matters (Channel View Publications) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Hans Böckler Stiftung (NFG 022)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Keywords
- insomnia, shift work disorder, nurses, insomnia severity, sleepiness, dysfunctional beliefs about sleep, pre-sleep arousal, sleep efficiency, sleep latency, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, occupational functioning, actigraphy, sleep diary
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Middle Aged, Nurses, Pilot Projects, Surveys and Questionnaires, Severity of Illness Index, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm, Actigraphy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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