The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The NK homeobox gene cluster predates the origin of Hox genes.
Open accessAbstract
Hox and other Antennapedia (ANTP)-like homeobox gene subclasses - ParaHox, EHGbox, and NK-like - contribute to key developmental events in bilaterians [1-4]. Evidence of physical clustering of ANTP genes in multiple animal genomes [4-9] suggests that all four subclasses arose via sequential cis-duplication events. Here, we show that Hox genes' origin occurred after the divergence of sponge and eumetazoan lineages and occurred concomitantly with a major evolutionary transition in animal body-plan complexity. By using whole genome information from the demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica, we provide the first conclusive evidence that the earliest metazoans possessed multiple NK-like genes but no Hox, ParaHox, or EHGbox genes. Six of the eight NK-like genes present in the Amphimedon genome are clustered within 71 kb in an order akin to bilaterian NK clusters. We infer that the NK cluster in the last common ancestor to sponges, cnidarians, and bilaterians consisted of at least five genes. It appears that the ProtoHox gene originated from within this ancestral cluster after the divergence of sponge and eumetazoan lineages. The maintenance of the NK cluster in sponges and bilaterians for greater than 550 million years is likely to reflect regulatory constraints inherent to the organization of this ancient cluster.
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“Along with the diversification signalling pathways in eumetazoans was the origination of Hox genes [24] and expansion of a range of developmental transcription factor gene families [23], [28, unpublished], which enabled further elaboration of ancestral gene regulatory networks.”
From Wnt and TGF-β Expression in the Sponge Amphimedon queenslandica and the Origin of Metazoan Embryonic Patterning (2007) · cites this paper as [24]
Citations
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The genome of the choanoflagellate Monosiga brevicollis and the origin of metazoans
King, N., Westbrook, M. J., Young, S. L., Kuo, A., Abedin, M., Chapman, J., Fairclough, S., Hellsten, U., Isogai, Y., Letunic, I., et al. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06617 · Cited by 1,139
Self-citationThe Amphimedon queenslandica genome and the evolution of animal complexity
Srivastava, M., Simakov, O., Chapman, J., Fahey, B., Gauthier, M. E. A., Mitros, T., Richards, G. S., Conaco, C., Dacre, M., Hellsten, U., et al. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09201 · Cited by 1,049
“Amphimedon lacks Hox genes and some other transcription factor subfamilies that are involved in specifying and patterning bilaterian nervous systems and body plans.(13,14,27,36,37) Signaling cascades, such as the Wnt, TGF-beta, Notch, and Hedgehog pathways, pattern embryos by specifying cellular identity and coordinat…”
Self-citationVariation in Homeodomain DNA Binding Revealed by High-Resolution Analysis of Sequence Preferences
Berger, M. F., Badis, G., Gehrke, A. R., Talukder, S., Philippakis, A. A., Peña-Castillo, L., Alleyne, T. M., Mnaimneh, S., Botvinnik, O. B., Chan, E. T., et al. (2008) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.05.024 · Cited by 606
“…homeodomains than most vertebrates, including humans, and contains representatives of both ancient (NK, Hox) and young (Rhox, Obox) homeodomain families, encompassing striking examples of both purifying and diversifying selection (Jackson et al., 2006; Larroux et al., 2007; Rajkovic et al., 2002).”
BackgroundHomeodomain proteins: an update
Bürglin, T. R., & Affolter, M. (2015) · Chromosoma · doi:10.1007/s00412-015-0543-8 · Cited by 454
“Beginnings of an NK cluster with several NK genes were found in the sponge Amphimedon queenslandica, with no evidence of HOXL genes (Larroux et al. 2007).”
BackgroundLoh, K. M., van Amerongen, R., & Nusse, R. (2016) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2016.08.011 · Cited by 335
“Wnt predates the ‘‘Hox code’’ (Larroux et al., 2007; Martindale, 2005) and other developmental patterning signals, and thus appears to constitute the original ancestral program for primary body axis specification.”
Metadata
- Authors
- Larroux, C., Fahey, B., Degnan, S. M., Adamski, M., Rokhsar, D. S., & Degnan, B. M.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Joint Genome Institute (US)
- Venue
- Current Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-04
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 706-710
- ISSN
- 0960-9822 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1998231969
- Cited by
- 173
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 9.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 2299 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Current Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Australian Research Council
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Keywords
- ParaHox genes, gene cluster evolution, sponge evolution, Amphimedon queenslandica, last common ancestor, animal evolution
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cnidaria, Embryo, Nonmammalian, Genes, Homeobox, Multigene Family, Invertebrates, Porifera, Genome, DNA, Complementary, Evolution, Molecular, Gastropoda, Antennapedia Homeodomain Protein
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