Cited by 1,049Marine Invertebrate Physiology and EcologyDevelopmental Biology and Gene RegulationGenomics and Phylogenetic Studies

The Amphimedon queenslandica genome and the evolution of animal complexity

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Srivastava, Mansi, Simakov, Oleg, Chapman, Jarrod, Fahey, Bryony, Gauthier, Marie E. A., Mitros, Therese, Richards, Gemma S., Conaco, Cecilia +25 more·2010·Nature

Abstract

Sponges are an ancient group of animals that diverged from other metazoans over 600 million years ago. Here we present the draft genome sequence of Amphimedon queenslandica, a demosponge from the Great Barrier Reef, and show that it is remarkably similar to other animal genomes in content, structure and organization. Comparative analysis enabled by the sequencing of the sponge genome reveals genomic events linked to the origin and early evolution of animals, including the appearance, expansion and diversification of pan-metazoan transcription factor, signalling pathway and structural genes. This diverse 'toolkit' of genes correlates with critical aspects of all metazoan body plans, and comprises cell cycle control and growth, development, somatic- and germ-cell specification, cell adhesion, innate immunity and allorecognition. Notably, many of the genes associated with the emergence of animals are also implicated in cancer, which arises from defects in basic processes associated with metazoan multicellularity.

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Crossref · 10.1038/nature09201

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  • Scaffold-level genome assemblies revealed surprising syntenic conservation over hundreds of millions of years of evolution, spanning divergence between cnidarians, chordates, sponges, and placozoans.

    “scaffold-level genome assemblies revealed surprising syntenic conservation over hundreds of millions of years of evolution, spanning the divergence between cnidarians, chordates, sponges, and placozoans”

    From Topological Approaches in Animal Comparative Genomics (2026) · cites this paper as [37]

  • Genome sequences of sponges, placozoans, and cnidarians suggested that many genes thought to define vertebrates were present even in earlier ancestral animals.

    “Genome sequences of some animal clades very distantly related to humans, including sponges (37), placozoans (flat animals) (38), and cnidarians (i.e., true jellyfish, corals) (39, 40), suggested that many genes thought to define vertebrates were, in fact, present even in earlier ancestral animals”

    From Topological Approaches in Animal Comparative Genomics (2026) · cites this paper as [37]

  • Sequencing of the Amphimedon queenslandica genome and multiple transcriptomes from all major sponge lineages revealed a remarkable number of genes present in sponges that are associated with neural cell types in bilaterians and cnidarians.

    “Sequencing of the demosponge genome Amphimedon queenslandica [32] and multiple transcriptomes from all major sponge lineages [33] have revealed a remarkable number of genes present in sponges that are associated with neural cell types in bilaterians and cnidarians.”
  • Sponges have genes associated with neurons, behaviours indicating sensing of external stimuli, and secretory cells involved in sensory behaviour that express neural genes.

    “Sponges are said to lack true neural cell types [31], yet these animals have genes associated with neurons, behaviours indicating sensing of external stimuli, and secretory cells involved in sensory behaviour that express neural genes.”
  • Most structural components of the post-synaptic density are present in the sponge Amphimedon, and some have homologs in choanoflagellates and other unicellular holozoans.

    “most of the structural components of the post-synaptic density (PSD) are present in the sponge Amphimedon [22,28], and some have clear homologs in choanoflagellates and other unicellular holozoans [29,30]”

    From Back to the Basics: Cnidarians Start to Fire (2017) · cites this paper as [22]

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. [4]Grant RE Todd RB Animal Kingdom The Cyclopaedia of Anatomy and Physiology 1836 Vol. 1 Sherwood-Gilbert-Piper
  2. [5]Sollas WJ Report on the Tetractinellida Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger 1888 Vol. 25
  3. [6]Hyman LH The Invertebrates Vol. 1 Protozoa through Ctenophora 1940 McGraw-Hill

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Authors
Srivastava, M., Simakov, O., Chapman, J., Fahey, B., Gauthier, M. E. A., Mitros, T., Richards, G. S., Conaco, C., Dacre, M., Hellsten, U., Larroux, C., Putnam, N. H., Stanke, M., Adamska, M., Darling, A., Degnan, S. M., Oakley, T. H., Plachetzki, D. C., Zhai, Y., Adamski, M., Calcino, A., Cummins, S. F., Goodstein, D. M., Harris, C., Jackson, D. J., Leys, S. P., Shu, S., Woodcroft, B. J., Vervoort, M., Kosik, K. S., Manning, G., Degnan, B. M., & Rokhsar, D. S.
Affiliations
  • University of California, Berkeley (US)
  • University of Zurich (CH)
  • Joint Genome Institute (US)
  • The University of Queensland (AU)
  • University of California, Santa Barbara (US)
  • Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
  • Rice University (US)
  • University of Göttingen (DE)
  • University of California, Davis (US)
  • University of Alberta (CA)
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
Corresponding author
Srivastava, Mansi
Venue
Nature
Published
2010-08
Volume
466
Issue
7307
Pages
720-726
ISSN
  • 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-4687
OpenAlex
W340499956
Cited by
1,049
References
60
Citations by year
2026: 22 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 59 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 70 · 2018: 71 · 2017: 60 · 2016: 63 · 2015: 99 · 2014: 85 · 2013: 79 · 2012: 101
FWCI
64.30
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • ResearchOnline at James Cook University (James Cook University) (submittedVersion)
  • OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
  • University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas) (submittedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
  • ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
  • UTS ePRESS (University of Technology Sydney) (submittedVersion)
  • GoeScholar The Publication Server of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
  • Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Funders
  • National Science Foundation (DEAC02-05CH11231)
  • U.S. Department of Energy (-AC02-05CH11231, 05CH11231, DE AC02 05CH11231, DE-AC02-)
  • Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
  • Joint Genome Institute (AC02-05CH11231, DE–AC02–05CH11231)
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DE-AC02-05CH11231)
  • Agence Nationale de la Recherche (DE-AC02-05CH11231)
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (DE-AC02-05CH11231)
  • National Institutes of Health (DE-AC02–05CH11231)
  • Office of Science (DEAC02–05CH11231, AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC02, 05CH11231)
  • Australian Research Council
  • National Human Genome Research Institute (DE-AC02-05CH11231, R01HG004164)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
Keywords
Amphimedon queenslandica, sponge genome, demosponges, origin of animals, transcription factors, signaling pathways, cell cycle regulation, cell adhesion, innate immunity, allorecognition, germ cell specification, multicellularity, cancer, comparative genomics
MeSH terms
Animals, Cell Adhesion, Cell Cycle, Genes, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Models, Biological, Neurons, Phosphotransferases, Phylogeny, Porifera, Signal Transduction, Genome, Cell Polarity, Apoptosis, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Evolution, Molecular, Genomics, Cell Proliferation

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