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REM Sleep Depotentiates Amygdala Activity to Previous Emotional Experiences
Open accessAbstract
Clinical evidence suggests a potentially causal interaction between sleep and affective brain function; nearly all mood disorders display co-occurring sleep abnormalities, commonly involving rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep. Building on this clinical evidence, recent neurobiological frameworks have hypothesized a benefit of REM sleep in palliatively decreasing next-day brain reactivity to recent waking emotional experiences. Specifically, the marked suppression of central adrenergic neurotransmitters during REM (commonly implicated in arousal and stress), coupled with activation in amygdala-hippocampal networks that encode salient events, is proposed to (re)process and depotentiate previous affective experiences, decreasing their emotional intensity. In contrast, the failure of such adrenergic reduction during REM sleep has been described in anxiety disorders, indexed by persistent high-frequency electroencephalographic (EEG) activity (>30 Hz); a candidate factor contributing to hyperarousal and exaggerated amygdala reactivity. Despite these neurobiological frameworks, and their predictions, the proposed benefit of REM sleep physiology in depotentiating neural and behavioral responsivity to prior emotional events remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that REM sleep physiology is associated with an overnight dissipation of amygdala activity in response to previous emotional experiences, altering functional connectivity and reducing next-day subjective emotionality.
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“the adrenergic reduction during REM sleep is essential to emotional regulation because of its role in defusing affective experiences and decreasing emotional intensity”
From The Functional Role of Dreaming in Emotional Processes (2019) · cites this paper as van der Helm et al., 2011
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“Moreover, the frontal gamma activity seems to have a role in decreasing the amygdala reactivity (van der Helm et al., 2011).”
From The Functional Role of Dreaming in Emotional Processes (2019) · cites this paper as van der Helm et al., 2011
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“the gamma activity seems to be related to emotional processes and dream recall as well as to lucid dreams”
From The Functional Role of Dreaming in Emotional Processes (2019) · cites this paper as van der Helm et al., 2011
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“Some authors suggested that these structures may be responsible for the reprocessing and consolidation of emotional experiences during REM sleep”
From The Functional Role of Dreaming in Emotional Processes (2019) · cites this paper as van der Helm et al., 2011
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“In line with these findings, sleep after emotional learning has been shown to depotentiate affective tone of emotional memories, in spite of strengthening their content.18”
From Effects of Sleep after Experimental Trauma on Intrusive Emotional Memories. (2016) · cites this paper as [18]
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“Further support for the SFSR hypothesis was provided by functional magnetic resonance imaging studies indicating that the strengthening of negative emotional memories by sleep is accompanied by a reduced amygdala activation, i.e., a diminished emotional response during retrieval (1147, 1231).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [1231]
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In the citing paper
“Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging studies show that participants who slept after encoding emotionally aversive pictures showed reduced amygdala activity when exposed to the same pictures later whereas no such depotentiation of amygdala activity was found in the group who remained awake.18”
From Effects of Sleep after Experimental Trauma on Intrusive Emotional Memories. (2016) · cites this paper as [18]
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“Some previous studies showed strengthening of emotional memories after consolidation during sleep.13,18,35,38”
From Effects of Sleep after Experimental Trauma on Intrusive Emotional Memories. (2016) · cites this paper as [18]
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“this study did not find any effect on the theta band”
From The Functional Role of Dreaming in Emotional Processes (2019) · cites this paper as van der Helm et al., 2011
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“this attenuation of emotional reactivity is related to mPFC connectivity”
From The Functional Role of Dreaming in Emotional Processes (2019) · cites this paper as van der Helm et al., 2011
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“this finding points to an indirect link between higher gamma during REM sleep and affective mental states”
From The Functional Role of Dreaming in Emotional Processes (2019) · cites this paper as van der Helm et al., 2011
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In the citing paper
“the gamma activity during REM sleep represents a potential marker of emotional processing”
From The Functional Role of Dreaming in Emotional Processes (2019) · cites this paper as van der Helm et al., 2011
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In the citing paper
“sleep decreases amygdala reactivity in response to previously encountered emotional experiences (presented by IAPS) as well as behavioral (subjective rating)”
From The Functional Role of Dreaming in Emotional Processes (2019) · cites this paper as van der Helm et al., 2011
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“the reduced emotional reactivity is related to attenuated frontal gamma activity during REM sleep”
From The Functional Role of Dreaming in Emotional Processes (2019) · cites this paper as van der Helm et al., 2011
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“the gamma activity could represent a marker of the suppression of central adrenergic neurotransmitters in REM sleep (also implicated in arousal and stress) involved in the encoding of emotional salient events along with activation in amygdala-hippocampal system”
From The Functional Role of Dreaming in Emotional Processes (2019) · cites this paper as van der Helm et al., 2011
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“Our results are in line with studies and theoretical accounts proposing a role of sleep in the affective depotentiation of emotional memories.9,14,13,18,37”
From Effects of Sleep after Experimental Trauma on Intrusive Emotional Memories. (2016) · cites this paper as [18]
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“However, the overnight reduction in amygdala activation in response to emotional pictures presented before and after sleep was correlated with gamma rather than theta activity during intervening REM sleep (1231).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [1231]
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Metadata
- Authors
- van der Helm, E., Yao, J., Dutt, S., Rao, V., Saletin, J. M., & Walker, M. P.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Corresponding author
- Walker, Matthew P.
- Venue
- Current Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-12
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 2029-2032
- ISSN
- 0960-9822 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3237718
- OpenAlex
- W2107118962
- Cited by
- 379
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 10.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Current Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- UC Berkeley College of Chemistry
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG031164)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH093537)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- REM sleep, amygdala, depotentiation, emotional memory, sleep and emotion, anxiety disorders, hyperarousal, functional connectivity, hippocampus, mood disorders
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Amygdala, Analysis of Variance, Electroencephalography, Emotions, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neural Pathways, Reaction Time, Sleep, REM, Prefrontal Cortex, Long-Term Synaptic Depression
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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