Bovine Respiratory Disease Diagnosis
Open accessAbstract
When it is desired to identify infectious agents involved in an outbreak of bovine respiratory disease, a variety of possible sampling methods may be used. For field use, the deep nasopharyngeal swab, transtracheal wash, and nonendoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage are most feasible. At present, bacterial culture and polymerase chain reaction testing are most commonly used to identify infectious agents. Interpretation of test results can be challenging, particularly for opportunistic pathogens. Evidence-based guidelines for precise interpretation of microbiologic tests results are lacking; however, approaches that have been practically useful for the management of bovine respiratory disease outbreaks are presented.
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Veterinarians prioritise rectal temperature and clinical examination because they select tools based on speed, cost-effectiveness, and ease of use in rural settings.
“By prioritising rectal temperature and clinical examination, veterinarians are selecting tools based on speed, cost-effectiveness, and ease of use in rural settings (43).”
From Understanding antibiotic decision-making for bovine respiratory disease: a survey of UK farm veterinarians (2026) · cites this paper as [43]
The Types of samples and sampling procedures section (page unavailable) says field sampling techniques must be economically feasible in equipment cost and time. The Available diagnostic tests section likewise emphasizes short turnaround times. Neither passage says veterinarians prioritise rectal temperature and clinical examination, or attributes that choice to ease of use in rural settings. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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A Review of Disease Related to Transition Between Production Phases
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Additional file 1 of Identification of bovine respiratory disease through the nasal microbiome
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- Authors
- Pardon, B., & Buczinski, S.
- Affiliations
- Ghent University (BE)
- Université de Montréal (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Pardon, Bart
- Venue
- Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-07
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 425-444
- ISSN
- 0749-0720 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7244442
- OpenAlex
- W3026732564
- Cited by
- 97
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 1.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Veterinary Clinics of North America Food Animal Practice (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Microbial infections and disease research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Veterinary medicine and infectious diseases
- Keywords
- bovine respiratory disease, outbreak diagnosis, nasopharyngeal swab, bronchoalveolar lavage, bacterial culture, PCR, opportunistic pathogens, cattle
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid, Cattle, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
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