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Cited by 126Skin Protection and AgingContact Dermatitis and Allergiesmelanin and skin pigmentation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 153 of the 158 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Human Safety and Efficacy of Ultraviolet Filters and Sunscreen Products

Nash, JF.·2006·Dermatologic Clinics
DOI 10.1016/j.det.2005.09.006
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Abstract

Ultraviolet (UV) filters are the active ingredients in sunscreens. The concentration and combination of UV filters determine the efficacy of sunscreens as measured by sun protection factor. The safety of individual UV filters, and, more generally, sunscreen products, is a matter of a few related components: objective toxicologic evaluation, phototoxicologic potential, and human health consequences of using products that may reduce some but not all of the solar UV. Of 16 UV filters approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, 9 are used in different combinations in the most currently marketed sunscreens. Most of these compounds are considered safe and effective alone or in combination with other UV filters based on extensive toxicologic/phototoxicologic evaluations and market history. The benefits from proper use of sunscreens outweigh real or perceived human health concerns, establishing a favorable benefit-to-risk ratio. Future UV filters will require complete human safety evaluations alone and in combination with select benchmark ingredients.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.det.2005.09.006

Cites

153 of 153 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Citations

Cites

Show all 158 references

Research works printed but not linked: 13

  1. Nohynek, 2001, Benefit and Risk of Organic Ultraviolet Filters, Regul Toxicol Pharmacol, 33, 285, 10.1006/rtph.2001.1476 · DOI
  2. Janjua, 2004, Systemic absorption of the sunscreens benzophenone-3, octyl-methoxycinnamate, and 3-(4-methyl-benzylidene) camphor after whole-body topical application and reproductive hormone levels in humans, J Invest Dermatol, 123, 57, 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22725.x · DOI · Paper page
  3. Koda, 2005, Uterotrophic effects of benzophenone derivatives and a p-hydroxybenzoate used in ultraviolet screens, Environ Res, 98, 40, 10.1016/j.envres.2004.05.015 · DOI
  4. 1996, Sunscreen drug products of over-the-counter human use; amendment of the tentative final monograph, Fed Regist, 61, 48645
  5. 1997, Sunscreen drug products for over-the-counter human use: marketing status of products containing avobenzone; enforcement policy, Fed Regist, 62, 23350
  6. Motley, 1989, Photocontact dermatitis due to isopropyl and butyl methoxy dibenzoylmethanes (Eusolex 8020 and Parsol 1789), Contact Dermatitis, 21, 109, 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb04708.x · DOI
  7. Schauder, 1997, Contact and photocontact sensitivity to sunscreens. Review of a 15-year experience and of the literature, Contact Dermatitis, 37, 221, 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1997.tb02439.x · DOI · Paper page
  8. 2003, Int J Toxicol, 22, 1
  9. Schlumpf, 2004, Endocrine activity and developmental toxicity of cosmetic UV filters—an update, Toxicology, 205, 113, 10.1016/j.tox.2004.06.043 · DOI · Paper page
  10. Kobayashi, 1997, Photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide, Cosmetics & Toiletries, 112, 83
  11. Fairhurst, 1997, Surface coating and the optimization of microfine oxides in sunscreen formulations, Cosmetics & Toiletries, 112, 81
  12. Greenoak, 1993, Reduction in tumour incidence by a sunscreen containing microfine titanium dioxide, Cosmetics Aerosols & Toiletries in Australia, 7, 12
  13. 1998, Sunscreen drug products for over-the-counter human use; amendment to the tentative final monograph; enforcement policy: zinc oxide, Fed Regist, 63, 56584

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Metadata

Authors
Nash, J.
Affiliations
Procter & Gamble (United States) (US)
Corresponding author
Nash, JF.
ORCID
Nash, JF.
Venue
Dermatologic Clinics
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2006-01
Volume
24
Issue
1
Pages
35-51
ISSN
0733-8635 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.det.2005.09.006
OpenAlex
W2100316165
Cited by
126
References
158
Citations by year
2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 10
FWCI
1.37
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Dermatologic Clinics (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Contact Dermatitis and Allergies
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
Keywords
UV filters, sunscreen safety, sunscreen efficacy, sun protection factor, phototoxicity, toxicology, risk-benefit assessment
MeSH terms
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Humans, Sunscreening Agents, Risk Assessment, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions

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