Widespread Use of Toxic Skin Lightening Compounds: Medical and Psychosocial Aspects
Abstract
Hyperpigmentation disorders and skin lightening treatments have a significant impact on the dermatologic, physiologic, psychologic, economic, social, and cultural aspects of life. Skin lightening compounds, such as hydroquinone and topical corticosteroids, are often used to treat hyperpigmentation disorders, such as melasma, or lighten skin for cosmetic purposes. Despite their established effectiveness, a multitude of dermatologic and systemic complications have been associated with these agents. Regulatory agencies have also recognized the adverse effects of skin lighteners and many countries around the world now forbid the production and sale of these compounds, although this prohibition has not significantly curtailed distribution. Dermatologists and users of cosmetic products should be aware of the various components in bleaching compounds, their potential adverse effects, and alternative options for skin lightening.
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Long-term exposure to inorganic mercury due to repeated applications can result in kidney damage, skin discoloration, rashes, peripheral neuropathy, and psychosocial issues.
“long-term exposure due to repeated applications can result in a number of damaging effects which include kidney damage, skin discoloration, rashes, peripheral neuropathy, and psychosocial issues.11”
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Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
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- Authors
- Ladizinski, B., Mistry, N., & Kundu, R. V.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kundu, Roopal V.
- Venue
- Dermatologic Clinics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-01
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 111-123
- ISSN
- 0733-8635 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2080426025
- Cited by
- 156
- References
- 152
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 0.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Dermatologic Clinics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatologic Treatments and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Medicine and Dermatology Studies History
- Keywords
- skin whitening products, hydroquinone, topical corticosteroids, hyperpigmentation, melasma, adverse effects, regulatory constraints, cosmetics, psychosocial impact
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Topical, Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Cosmetics, Dermatologic Agents, Humans, Hydroquinones, Pigmentation Disorders, Skin Diseases, Mercury Compounds
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