Identifying hyperinsulinaemia in the absence of impaired glucose tolerance: An examination of the Kraft database
Abstract
Objective Hyperinsulinaemia is associated with development of chronic metabolic disease and is emerging as a health risk independent to that of insulin resistance. However, little is known to what extent hyperinsulinaemia occurs with normal glucose tolerance in lean subjects. Method Oral glucose tolerance tests with concurrent insulin assay were conducted during the 1970s-1990s. Participants were classified according to glucose tolerance and insulin response pattern. Analysis of variance compared differences in plasma glucose, plasma insulin, and demographic and metabolic risk factors between groups. Results Participants with normal glucose tolerance comprised 54% (n=4185) of the total cohort. Of these, just over half (n=2079) showed hyperinsulinaemia despite normal glucose clearance. Obesity had a modest association with hyperinsulinaemia in people with normal glucose tolerance. Fasting insulin had limited value in diagnosing hyperinsulinaemia. The majority of participants (93%) with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes had concurrent hyperinsulinaemia. Conclusion Hyperinsulinaemia in the absence of impaired glucose tolerance may provide the earliest detection for metabolic disease risk and likely occurs in a substantial proportion of an otherwise healthy population. Dynamic insulin patterning may produce more meaningful and potentially helpful diagnoses. Further research is needed to investigate clinically useful hyperinsulinaemia screening tools.
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Cites a retracted work: 10.1002/dmrr.2410
InfoThe cited work was retracted on 2025-06-06 (notice 10.1002/dmrr.2410), not before this paper was published (2016-08).
Cited work 10.1002/dmrr.2410 · retracted 2025-06-06 · notice 10.1002/dmrr.2410 · this paper published 2016-08
“Medina-Santillán, 2013, Hepatic manifestations of metabolic syndrome, Diabetes/Metab Res Rev, 10.1002/dmrr.2410”
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- Authors
- Crofts, C., Schofield, G., Zinn, C., Wheldon, M., & Kraft, J.
- Affiliations
- Auckland University of Technology (NZ)
- Saint Joseph Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Crofts, Catherine
- Venue
- Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-08
- Volume
- 118
- Pages
- 50-57
- ISSN
- 0168-8227 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2424385954
- Semantic Scholar
- 90827aadd2efdf64eae0aa38ee6a13ad6a23e3be
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 4.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Heart Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- hyperinsulinemia, normal glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes mellitus, obesity, fasting insulin, oral glucose tolerance test, metabolic disease risk, screening
- MeSH terms
- Blood Glucose, Fasting, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Hyperinsulinism, Illinois, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Incidence, Databases, Factual, Glucose Intolerance
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