Strategies to optimize the validity of disease models in the drug discovery process

Sams-Dodd, Frank

doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2006.02.005

Cited by 60Animal testing and alternativesStatistical Methods in Clinical TrialsMedicine, History, and Philosophy

Strategies to optimize the validity of disease models in the drug discovery process

Sams-Dodd, Frank·2006·Drug Discovery Today

DOI 10.1016/j.drudis.2006.02.005

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Models of human diseases are necessary for experimental research into the biological basis of disease and for the development of treatments. They have an enormous impact upon the success of biomedical research. However, in spite of this, a consistent system for evaluating, expressing and comparing the clinical validity of disease models is not available. The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to provide a theoretical discussion of the concepts behind disease models and to develop a terminology and a framework to analyze and express the clinical validity of disease models.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.drudis.2006.02.005

Cites

34 of 34 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

These profoundly important and often undetected differences are likely one of the main reasons human clinical trials fail.
“These profoundly important—and often undetected—differences are likely one of the main reasons human clinical trials fail.63”
From The Flaws and Human Harms of Animal Experimentation (2015) · cites this paper as [63]

Place navigation impaired in rats with hippocampal lesions
Morris, R. G. M., Garrud, P., Rawlins, J. N. P., & O'Keefe, J. (1982) · Nature · doi:10.1038/297681a0 · Cited by 6,340 · see citing works
Intraneuronal Aβ Causes the Onset of Early Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Cognitive Deficits in Transgenic Mice
Billings, L. M., Oddo, S., Green, K. N., McGaugh, J. L., & LaFerla, F. M. (2005) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.01.040 · Cited by 1,294 · see citing works
Recommendations for standards regarding preclinical neuroprotective and restorative drug development.
Roundtable, S. T. A. I. (1999) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.30.12.2752 · Cited by 1,258 · see citing works
Axonopathy and Transport Deficits Early in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease
Stokin, G. B., Lillo, C., Falzone, T. L., Brusch, R. G., Rockenstein, E., Mount, S. L., Raman, R., Davies, P., Masliah, E., Williams, D. S., et al. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1105681 · Cited by 1,214 · see citing works
Chronic mild stress-induced anhedonia: A realistic animal model of depression
Willner, P., Muscat, R., & Papp, M. (1992) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80194-0 · Cited by 1,160 · see citing works
Animal Model of Depression
McKinney, W. T. (1969) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1969.01740200112015 · Cited by 710 · see citing works
Obesity
Yanovski, S. Z., & Yanovski, J. A. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra012586 · Cited by 544 · see citing works
Target-based drug discovery: is something wrong?
Sams‐Dodd, F. (2005) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/s1359-6446(04)03316-1 · Cited by 522 · see citing works
Self-citation
A mechanism for slow release of biomagnified cyanobacterial neurotoxins and neurodegenerative disease in Guam
Murch, S. J., Cox, P. A., & Banack, S. A. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0404926101 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
The MPTP model of Parkinson's disease
Smeyne, R. J., & Jackson-Lewis, V. R. (2004) · Molecular Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.molbrainres.2004.09.017 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Development and validation of methods for assessing the quality of diagnostic accuracy studies
Whiting, P. F., Rutjes, A. W., Dinnes, J., Reitsma, J. B., Bossuyt, P. M., & Kleijnen, J. (2004) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta8250 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
Cognition in Schizophrenia: Impairments, Determinants, and Functional Importance
Bowie, C. R., & Harvey, P. D. (2005) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2005.05.004 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
Swerdlow, R. H. (2007) · PubMed Central · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Preattentional and attentional cognitive deficits as targets for treating schizophrenia
BRAFF, D. L., & Light, G. A. (2004) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-004-1848-0 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Caenorhabditis elegans MPP+ Model of Parkinson’s Disease for High-Throughput Drug Screenings
Braungart, E., Gerlach, M., Riederer, P. F., Baumeister, R., & Hoener, M. C. (2004) · Neurodegenerative Diseases · doi:10.1159/000080983 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Phencyclidine in the Social Interaction Test: An Animal Model of Schizophrenia with Face and Predictive Validity
Sams‐Dodd, F. (1999) · Reviews in the Neurosciences · doi:10.1515/revneuro.1999.10.1.59 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Self-citation
The MPTP-treated primate as a model of motor complications in PD
Jenner, P. G. (2003) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.61.6_suppl_3.s4 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
A Test of the Predictive Validity of Animal Models of Schizophrenia Based on Phencyclidine and D-Amphetamine
Sams‐Dodd, F. (1998) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(97)00161-9 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citation
Measuring the value of pharmacogenomics
Phillips, K. A., & Bebber, S. L. V. (2005) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd1749 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Neuropsychologic Assessment of Frontal Lobe Dysfunction
Goldberg, E., & Bougakov, D. (2005) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2005.05.005 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Obstetrical complications and subsequent schizophrenia in adolescent and young adult offsprings: is there a relationship?
Boog, G. (2004) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2003.09.041 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Pharmacological interventions for stroke: failures and future
Tuma, R. F., Legos, J. J., & Barone, F. C. (2002) · Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs · doi:10.1517/13543784.11.5.603 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Molecular biomarkers in drug development
Lewin, D. A., & Weiner, M. P. (2004) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/s1359-6446(04)03272-6 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Genome-Wide Analysis of the Parkinsonism-Dementia Complex of Guam
Morris, H. R., Steele, J. C., Crook, R., Vrièze, F. W., Onstead, L., Gwinn, K. A., Wood, N. W., Farrer, M. J., Lees, A. J., McGeer, P. L., et al. (2004) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.61.12.1889 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Spatial learning with unilateral and bilateral hippocampal networks
de Hoz, L., Moser, E. I., & Morris, R. (2005) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04255.x · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Measuring cognition in advanced Alzheimer’s disease for clinical trials
Schmitt, F. A., Locke, D. E. C., Ashford, J. W., Reisberg, ‌., Ferris, S. H., Möbius, H. J., & Stöffler, A. (2002) · Journal of neural transmission. Supplementum · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-6139-5_14 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Progress in Clinical Neurosciences: Cognitive Markers of Progression in Alzheimer's Disease
Behl, P., Stefurak, T. L., & Black, S. E. (2005) · Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques · doi:10.1017/s0317167100003917 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
How Pharmacogenomics Will Play a Role in the Management of Asthma
Wechsler, M. E., & Israel, E. (2005) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200412-1635oe · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Leptin: From Animals to Humans
Véniant, M. M., & LeBel, C. P. (2003) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612033455369 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
The cholinesterase inhibitor, phenserine, improves Morris water maze performance of scopolamine-treated rats
Janas, A. M., Cunningham, S. C., Duffy, K. B., Devan, B. D., Greig, N. H., Holloway, H. W., Yu, Q.-S., Markowska, A. L., Ingram, D. K., & Spangler, E. L. (2004) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2004.06.028 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Beta-amyloid secretases and beta-amloid degrading enzyme expression in lens.
Li, G., Percontino, L., Sun, Q., Qazi, A. S., & Frederikse, P. H. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease Scale: direct assessment of people with cognitive impairment
Merchant, C. R., & Hope, K. W. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2004.01050.x · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Pharmacogenomics and the Drug Discovery Pipeline
Penny, M. A., & McHale, D. (2005) · American Journal of PharmacoGenomics · doi:10.2165/00129785-200505010-00005 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs): History, Biotechnological Outlook and Practical Applications
Kassam, S., Meyer, P., Corfield, A. P., Mikuz, G., & Sergi, C. M. (2005) · Current Pharmacogenomics · doi:10.2174/1570160054864021 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

2 of the 36 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Sorted by citations

The Flaws and Human Harms of Animal Experimentation
AKHTAR, A. (2015) · Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics · doi:10.1017/s0963180115000079 · Cited by 527 · see citing works
“77 Repeatedly, researchers have been lured down the wrong line of investigation because of information gleaned from animal experiments that later proved to be inaccurate, irrelevant, or discordant with human biology.”
Animal models in translational medicine: Validation and prediction
Denayer, T., Stöhr, T., & Roy, M. V. (2014) · European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.nhtm.2014.08.001 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
When Quality Beats Quantity: Decision Theory, Drug Discovery, and the Reproducibility Crisis
Scannell, J. W., & Bosley, J. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147215 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Predictive validity in drug discovery: what it is, why it matters and how to improve it
Scannell, J. W., Bosley, J., Hickman, J. A., Dawson, G. R., Truebel, H., Ferreira, G. S., Richards, D. B., & Treherne, J. M. (2022) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-022-00552-x · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Healthy animals and animal models of human disease(s) in safety assessment of human pharmaceuticals, including therapeutic antibodies
Dixit, R., & Boelsterli, U. A. (2007) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2007.02.018 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Development and Validation of an Automated High-Throughput System for Zebrafish In Vivo Screenings
Letamendı́a, A., Quevedo, C., Ibarbia, I., Virto, J. M., Holgado, O., Diez, M., Belmonte, J. C. I., & Callol-Massot, C. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036690 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Future Perspective of Diabetic Animal Models
Pandey, S., & Dvorakova, M. C. (2019) · Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1871530319666190626143832 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Levelling the Translational Gap for Animal to Human Efficacy Data
Ferreira, G. S., Veening-Griffioen, D., Boon, W., Moors, E., & van Meer, P. V. (2020) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani10071199 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
The Selective mGlu5 Receptor Antagonist MTEP, Similar to NMDA Receptor Antagonists, Induces Social Isolation in Rats
Koroś, E., Rosenbrock, H., Birk, G., Weiss, C., & Sams‐Dodd, F. (2006) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301133 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citation
Drug discovery: selecting the optimal approach
Sams‐Dodd, F. (2006) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2006.03.015 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citation
A standardised framework to identify optimal animal models for efficacy assessment in drug development
Ferreira, G. S., Veening-Griffioen, D. H., Boon, W., Moors, E. H. M., Wied, C. C. G., Schellekens, H., & van Meer, P. J. K. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0218014 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Patient-derived xenograft models of colorectal cancer in pre-clinical research: a systematic review
Brown, K. M., Xue, A., Mittal, A., Samra, J. S., Smith, R. C., & Hugh, T. J. (2016) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.11184 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Validity of animal models of type 1 diabetes, and strategies to enhance their utility in translational research
Graham, M. L., & Schuurman, H. (2015) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.02.054 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Hit Triage and Validation in Phenotypic Screening: Considerations and Strategies
Vincent, F., Loria, P. M., Weston, A. D., Steppan, C. M., Doyonnas, R., Wang, Y., Rockwell, K. L., & Peakman, M. (2020) · Cell chemical biology · doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.08.009 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Premise for Standardized Sepsis Models
Remick, D. G., Ayala, A., Chaudry, I. H., Coopersmith, C. M., Deutschman, C. S., Hellman, J., Moldawer, L. L., & Osuchowski, M. F. (2018) · Shock · doi:10.1097/shk.0000000000001164 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Are some animal models more equal than others? A case study on the translational value of animal models of efficacy for Alzheimer''s disease.
Veening-Griffioen, D., Ferreira, G. S., van Meer, P. V., Boon, W., Wied, C. G. G.-D., Moors, E., & Schellekens, H. (2019) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172524 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
The design of animal experiments
Bate, S. T., & Stanford, S. C. (2024) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119555278.ch3 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Animal models of chemically induced intestinal inflammation: Predictivity and ethical issues
Dothel, G., Vasina, V. I., Barbara, G., & Ponti, F. D. (2013) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.04.005 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
The Design of Animal Experiments
Festing, M. F. W. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444318777.ch3 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Artificial Intelligence in Accelerating Drug Discovery and Development
Tripathi, A., Misra, K., Dhanuka, R., & Singh, J. P. (2022) · Recent Patents on Biotechnology · doi:10.2174/1872208316666220802151129 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Species variations in tenocytes’ response to inflammation require careful selection of animal models for tendon research
Oreff, G. L., Fenu, M., Vogl, C., Ribitsch, I., & Jenner, F. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-91914-9 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
The Three Rs
Richmond, J. (2010) · doi:10.1002/9781444318777.ch2 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Tracking the impact of translational research in psychiatry: state of the art and perspectives
Machado‐Vieira, R. (2012) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/1479-5876-10-175 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Validation of the Fetal Lamb Model of Spina Bifida
Joyeux, L., Engels, A., van der Merwe, J., Aertsen, M., Patel, P. A., Deprez, M., Khatoun, A., Pranpanus, S., da Cunha, M. G. M. C. M., Vleeschauwer, S. D., et al. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-45819-3 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
A mouse model of cochlear implantation with chronic electric stimulation
Claussen, A. D., Quevedo, R. V., Mostaert, B. J., Kirk, J. R., Dueck, W. F., & Hansen, M. R. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0215407 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
A Structured Approach to Optimizing Animal Model Selection for Human Translation: The Animal Model Quality Assessment
Storey, J., Gobbetti, T., Olzinski, A. R., & Berridge, B. R. (2021) · ILAR Journal · doi:10.1093/ilar/ilac004 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Evaluating the clinical translational relevance of animal models for limbal stem cell deficiency: A systematic review
Delic, N. C., Cai, J. R., Watson, S. L., Downie, L. E., & Girolamo, N. D. (2021) · The Ocular Surface · doi:10.1016/j.jtos.2021.09.006 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Cannabidiol in clinical and preclinical anxiety research. A systematic review into concentration–effect relations using the IB-de-risk tool
Kwee, C., van Gerven, J., Bongaerts, F. L. P., Cath, D. C., Jacobs, G. E., Baas, J. M. P., & Groenink, L. (2022) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811221124792 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Animal models of Huntington’s disease and their applicability to novel drug discovery and development
Upadhayay, S., Jamwal, S., & Kumar, P. (2023) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1080/17460441.2023.2201493 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Anxiolytic effects of endocannabinoid enhancing compounds: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Kwee, C., Leen, N. A., der Kamp, R. C. V., Lissa, C. J. V., Cath, D. C., Groenink, L., & Baas, J. M. P. (2023) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.04.001 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
European Society for Sexual Medicine Consensus Statement on the Use of the Cavernous Nerve Injury Rodent Model to Study Postradical Prostatectomy Erectile Dysfunction
Weyne, E., Ilg, M. M., Çakır, Ö. O., Muneer, A., Behr‐Roussel, D., Albersen, M., Angulo, J., Corona, G., Bettocchi, C., Reisman, Y., et al. (2020) · Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.esxm.2020.06.007 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Potential Strategies for Increasing Drug-Discovery Productivity
Cumming, J. G., Finlay, M. R. V., Giordanetto, F., Hemmerling, M., Lister, T., Sanganee, H. J., & Waring, M. J. (2014) · Future Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.4155/fmc.14.7 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
A new paradigm of hearing loss and preservation with cochlear implants: Learnings from fundamental studies and clinical research
Kirk, J. R., Smyth, D., & Dueck, W. F. (2023) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2023.108769 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Psychotomimetic effects of PCP, LSD, and Ecstasy: pharmacological models of schizophrenia?
Catts, V. S., & Catts, S. V. (2010) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511789977.011 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Rodent models of Alzheimer's disease: Critical analysis of current hypotheses and pathways for future research
Singhaarachchi, P. H., Antal, P., Calon, F., Culmsee, C., Delpech, J.-C., Feldotto, M., Geertsema, J., Hoeksema, E. E., Kőrösi, A., Layé, S., et al. (2025) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2025.102821 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Heart Rate Variability as a Translational Biomarker for Emotional and Cognitive Deficits
Ellenbroek, B., Kidwell, M., Colussi-Mas, J., & Youn, J. (2019) · Translational Medicine in CNS Drug Development · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803161-2.00013-8 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Perspectives on animal experimentation in herbal medicine research: ethical dilemmas and scientific progress
Busia, K. A. (2024) · Journal of Herbal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.hermed.2024.100903 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The Costs of Animal Experiments
Akhtar, A. Z. (2012) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780230358522_6 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Reproducibility in Biomedical Research
Mullane, K., Curtis, M. J., & Williams, M. J. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804725-5.00001-x · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Ranking of antiseizure medications in a panel of focal seizure models predicts their comparative efficacy in clinical add‐on trials in drug‐resistant focal epilepsy
Löscher, W., & Klein, P. (2026) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1002/epi.70210 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Les biomarqueurs : « Found in translation »
Lockhart, B. P., & Walther, B. (2009) · médecine/sciences · doi:10.1051/medsci/2009254423 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Longitudinal Characterisation of Healthy Ageing in Rats using Multimodal Magnetic Resonance ImagingPreprint
MacNicol, E. (2021) · doi:10.31237/osf.io/3vpyg · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Are there relevant animal models to set research priorities in LUTD? ICI‐RS 2019
Andersson, K., Birder, L. A., Chermansky, C., Chess‐Williams, R., & Fry, C. H. (2020) · Neurourology and Urodynamics · doi:10.1002/nau.24259 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Radiation induced cardiovascular disease: An odyssey of bedside-bench-bedside approach
Rikhi, R. R., Samra, G. S., Arustamyan, M., Patel, J., Zhou, L., Bungo, B., & Moudgil, R. (2020) · Life Sciences in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.lssr.2020.07.005 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Transitioning from Preclinical to Clinical Drug Development
Walford, G. A., & Stoch, S. A. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-11748-1_18 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Resection of the Atrial Appendages and its Impact in the Natriuretic Homeostasis: Development and Validation of an Animal Model in an Academic Medical Center
Márquez-Velasco, R., Vallejo, M., Catrip-Torres, J. M., Lespron-Robles, M. D. C., Villegas-Juache, J., Molina-Méndez, F. J., Amezcua-Guerra, L. M., Vargas‐Barrón, J., & Pop, G. (2020) · Revista de investigaci�n Cl�nica · doi:10.24875/ric.19003132 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Validation of Animal Models
Subramanian, U. (2022) · Introduction to Basics of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-5343-9_12 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Use of Animals in Basic Biological Research
Andersen, M. L., & Rosa, D. S. (2023) · Collaborative bioethics · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-29451-8_25 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Target Identification and Validation in Antiparasitic Drug Discovery
Wolf, C., & Gunkel, N. (2009) · doi:10.1002/9783527626816.ch5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Tools to enable animal to human translation
Ferreira, G. S. (2020) · doi:10.33540/157 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Three Rs
Smith, A. J., & Richmond, J. (2024) · doi:10.1002/9781119555278.ch2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Les biomarqueurs : « Found »
Lockhart, B. P., & Walther, B. (2009)
WITHDRAWN: Endometriosis related sex steroid hormones, hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis hormones and related animal modeling: A comprehensive review of published articles and endometriosis induction methods from 2010 to 2021 with scoring based approachPreprint
Salehpour, A., Zare, A., Khoradmehr, A., Mahdipour, M., & Tamadon, A. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1137695/v1
Selection of animal models for drug efficacy
Veening-Griffioen, D. H. (2023) · doi:10.33540/1605
Individual differences in fear extinction learning and the endocannabinoid system
Leen, N. A. (2024) · doi:10.33540/2135
FMID based model validation approaches for Rheumatoid arthritis and associated cardiovascular complications: an attempt towards translational competence
Dubey, T., & Patel, K. V. (2024) · Research Results in Pharmacology · doi:10.18413/rrpharmacology.10.446
Diabetic Animal Models: A Prospective Futuristics Outlook
Kaushik, K., Singh, S., Kumar, D., Sharma, N., & Kaur, A. (2025) · Current Drug Therapy · doi:10.2174/0115748855348225241125084653
Role of Industry–Academia Collaboration in the Translational Success of Drug Repurposing
Shukla, R., & Saraf, S. A. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-4522-3_1
Etude des mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires impliqués dans le développement de la dystrophie myotonique de type 1 à l'aide de cellules souches embryonnaires humaines porteuses de la mutation causale
Marteyn, A. (2010) · doi:10.70675/7c30aedbz3b33z412az8574z6cfc5376d6c0
Preclinical development of curcumin-based nanoparticles for the treatment of Charcot-Marie-Tooth-1A disease
Msheik, Z. (2022) · doi:10.70675/f6c3374ezd80cz4faaza535za5e32b588537

A standardised framework to identify optimal animal models for efficacy assessment in drug development
Ferreira, G. S., Veening-Griffioen, D. H., Boon, W., Moors, E. H. M., Wied, C. C. G., Schellekens, H., & van Meer, P. J. K. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0218014 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Addressing New Therapeutic Strategies Using Models
Faustino, A., & Oliveira, P. A. (2023) · MDPI eBooks · doi:10.3390/books978-3-0365-7082-2
Disease models: relevance is everything
Brooksbank, C. (1999) · Molecular Medicine Today · doi:10.1016/s1357-4310(99)01495-1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Levelling the Translational Gap for Animal to Human Efficacy Data
Ferreira, G. S., Veening-Griffioen, D., Boon, W., Moors, E., & van Meer, P. V. (2020) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani10071199 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
The validity and validation of mathematical models Methodological, theoretical and practical studies with emphasis on the modelling of complex biological systems
Leaning, M. (1980) · City Research Online (City University London) · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Authors: Sams-Dodd, F.
Venue: Drug Discovery Today
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2006-04
Volume: 11
Issue: 7-8
Pages: 355-363
ISSN: 1359-6446 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2006.02.005
OpenAlex: W1984809704
Cited by: 60
References: 36
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 0.43
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Drug Discovery Today (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal testing and alternatives
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Medicine, History, and Philosophy
Keywords: disease models, clinical validity, drug discovery, model evaluation, terminology, translational research
MeSH terms: Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Reproducibility of Results

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Strategies to optimize the validity of disease models in the drug discovery process

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks