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Drug repurposing: a promising tool to accelerate the drug discovery process

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Parvathaneni, Vineela, Kulkarni, Nishant S., Muth, Aaron, Gupta, Vivek·2019·Drug Discovery Today

DOI 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.06.014PMC PMC11920972

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Abstract

Traditional drug discovery and development involves several stages for the discovery of a new drug and to obtain marketing approval. It is necessary to discover new strategies for reducing the drug discovery time frame. Today, drug repurposing has gained importance in identifying new therapeutic uses for already-available drugs. Typically, repurposing can be achieved serendipitously (unintentional fortunate observations) or through systematic approaches. Numerous strategies to discover new indications for FDA-approved drugs are discussed in this article. Drug repurposing has therefore become a productive approach for drug discovery because it provides a novel way to explore old drugs for new use but encounters several challenges. Some examples of different approaches are reviewed here.

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Pimobendan Inhibits HBV Transcription and Replication by Suppressing HBV Promoters Activity
Yuan, S.-Y., Yu, H., Yang, Z., Qin, Y.-P., Ren, J., Cheng, S., Ren, F., Law, B. Y. K., Wong, V. K. W., Ng, J. P. L., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.837115 · Cited by 6
“This long discovery process opens the doors for drug repurposing as an approach to cutting down the time required to develop a drug (Parvathaneni et al., 2019).”
Background
Screening for Potential Therapeutic Agents for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Targeting Ferroptosis
Zhao, X., Cui, L., Zhang, Y., Guo, C., Deng, L., Wen, Z., Lu, Z., Shi, X., Xing, H., Liu, Y., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2022.917602 · Cited by 6
“Drug repurposing, that is, a novel drug development strategy to discover new drug indications based on drugs already on the market or in the clinical research stage, can mitigate a variety of costs including time, manpower, and material resources (Parvathaneni et al., 2019).”
Background
Virtual Screening of FDA-Approved Drugs for Enhanced Binding with Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase
Zhou, B., Zhang, Y.-G., Jiang, W., & Zhang, H. (2022) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules27248773 · Cited by 6
“Drug repurposing is a promising and productive approach to exploring old drugs for new use, which accelerates the process of drug discovery [33].”
Background
Drug Discovery Targeting Post-Translational Modifications in Response to DNA Damages Induced by Space Radiation
Xie, D., Huang, Q., & Zhou, P. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24087656 · Cited by 7
Inhibitors of the Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Can Ameliorate Bortezomib-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy
Suzuki, M., Zhou, Z. J., Nagayasu, K., Shirakawa, H., Nakagawa, T., & Kaneko, S. (2023) · Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.1248/bpb.b22-00861 · Cited by 7
Cross-Modal Method Based on Self-Attention Neural Networks for Drug-Target Prediction
Zhang, L., Yang, C., He, C., & Zhang, H. (2023) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-8070-3_1 · Cited by 6
In silico Drug Repurposing of FDA-Approved Artemisinins as Potent Chemotherapeutics Targeting Bcl-2, CDK-6 & VEGFR-2: Density Functional Exploration and Molecular Docking Study
(2020) · Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry · doi:10.33263/briac112.96049618 · Cited by 6
“This lengthy discovery process unlocks the doors for drug repurposing (also known as drug repositioning, drug reprofiling, indication expansion, or indication shift) as an alternative approach for cutting down the time required to develop a drug [5].”
Background
Drug repurposing in cancer neuroscience: From the viewpoint of the autophagy-mediated innervated niche
Shi, J., Xu, J., Li, Y., Li, B., Ming, H., Nice, E. C., Huang, C., Li, Q., & Wang, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.990665 · Cited by 6
Advances and challenges in drug repurposing in precision therapeutics of colorectal cancer
Yu, X., Wu, H.-T., Wu, B., Zhi, S.-F., Lan, Y.-Z., Chen, W.-J., & Liu, J. (2025) · World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology · doi:10.4251/wjgo.v17.i7.107681 · Cited by 7
Repurposing Sulfonamide-Based Antidiabetic Agents Against Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulation Approach
Roney, M., Issahaku, A. R., Hamim, S. M. I., Wilhelm, A., & Aluwi, M. F. F. M. (2025) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation · doi:10.1007/s12247-025-10119-z · Cited by 5
“This strategy is especially beneficial for addressing complex and under - served medical conditions, such as PCOS, by revealing new applications for previously approved or shelved drugs [20, 21].”
Drug repurposing and AI-driven discovery of tyrosinase inhibitors, emerging strategies for skin disorders: A review
Khan, M., Jiang, X. M., Ahmed, I., Zhang, T., Feng, X., Gao, P., & Li, J. (2025) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.149073 · Cited by 6
Identification of FDA-Approved Drugs as Potential Inhibitors of WEE2: Structure-Based Virtual Screening and Molecular Dynamics with Perspectives for Machine Learning-Assisted Prioritization
Ali, S., Elasbali, A. M., Alzahrani, W. I., Mohammad, T., Hassan, M. I., & Zhou, T. (2026) · Life · doi:10.3390/life16020185 · Cited by 5
“This line of research has opened up therapeutic opportunities that can be explored by a drug-repurposing strategy [14].”
Tanomastat exerts multi-targeted inhibitory effects on viral capsid dissociation and RNA replication in human enteroviruses
Lim, T. Y. M., Jaladanki, C. K., Wong, Y. H., Yogarajah, T., Fan, H., & Chu, J. J. H. (2024) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105277 · Cited by 5
“18 – 20 Our study aimed to repurpose existing drugs for the treatment of human enterovirus infections by targeting three key EV-A71 viral proteins: capsid protein VP1-4 (VP1-4), 3C pro , and 3D polymerase (also known as RNA dependent RNA polymerase; 3D pol ).”
Repurposing Non‐Nucleosidic Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) to Overcome EGFR T790M‐Mediated Acquired Resistance in Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer
Ahmad, I., & Patel, H. (2024) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.30653 · Cited by 6
“The exploration of repurposing approved drugs for novel therapeutic uses has emerged as a promising strategy in pharmaceutical research [20].”
Repurposing clofazimine for malignant pleural mesothelioma treatment — In-vitro assessment of efficacy and mechanism of action
Parvathaneni, V., Chilamakuri, R., Kulkarni, N. S., Wang, X., Agarwal, S., & Gupta, V. (2022) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120843 · Cited by 5
Self-citation
Drug repurposing of propafenone to discover novel anti-tumor agents by impairing homologous recombination to delay DNA damage recovery of rare disease conjunctival melanoma
Wei, J., Li, Y., Li, R., Chen, X., Yang, T., Liao, L., Xie, Y., Zhu, J., Mao, F., Jia, R., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115238 · Cited by 5
New 4-(N-cinnamoylbutyl)aminoacridines as potential multi-stage antiplasmodial leads
Fonte, M., Fontinha, D., Moita, D., Caño-Prades, O., Avalos‐Padilla, Y., Fernàndez‐Busquets, X., Prudêncio, M., Gomes, P. A. C., & Teixeira, C. A. S. (2023) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115575 · Cited by 5
“One cost-effective strategy towards affordable medicines is based on rescuing old antimalarial pharmacophores, through chemical modifications, aiming at their re-introduction in the antimalarial chemotherapy arsenal [9,10].”
Background
Synergistic Effect of Hydralazine Associated with Triazoles on Candida spp. in Planktonic Cells
do Nascimento, F. B. S. A., Sá, L. G. D. A. V., Neto, J. B. D. A., Moreno, L. S. S., Queiroz, H. A., da Silva, L. J., Cabral, V. P. D. F., Rodrigues, D. S., Pereira, S. S., Cavalcanti, B. C., et al. (2023) · Future Microbiology · doi:10.2217/fmb-2023-0012 · Cited by 5
Discovery of novel small-molecule aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 activators based on drug repurposing
Tian, W., Sun, X., Gao, X., Wang, W., Chen, Z., Chen, X., & Zheng, C. (2023) · Journal of Saudi Chemical Society · doi:10.1016/j.jscs.2023.101727 · Cited by 5
“Virtual screening has become a powerful tool for the discovery of lead compounds [15,16].”
Bioevaluation of Spiro N‐Propargylic β‐Enaminones as Anti‐Breast Cancer Agents: In Vitro and Molecular Docking Studies
Atmaca, H., İlhan, S., Dundar, B. A., & Zora, M. (2023) · Chemistry & Biodiversity · doi:10.1002/cbdv.202301228 · Cited by 5
PT-Finder: A multi-modal neural network approach to target identification
Nada, H., Kim, S.-D., & Lee, K. (2024) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108444 · Cited by 5
Aurora kinase B inhibitor AZD1152: repurposing for treatment of lupus nephritis driven by the results of clinical trials
Zhao, Y., Zheng, Z., Jin, X., Liang, S., Zhang, C., Zhang, M., Lang, Y., Li, P., & Liu, Z. (2025) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105553 · Cited by 5
“8 Among these methods, the Connectivity Map (CMap) is a powerful tool for establishing associations between diseases, genes, and drugs.”
Exploring common genomic biomarkers to disclose common drugs for the treatment of colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma with type-2 diabetes through transcriptomics analysis
Mahmud, S., Ajadee, A., Sarker, A., Ahmmed, R., Noor, T., Pappu, M. A. A., Islam, M. S., & Mollah, M. N. H. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0319028 · Cited by 5
“This strategy is especially beneficial for managing complex conditions such as T2D, CRC, and HCC, as it allows for shared treatments that can help minimize the adverse effects associated with multiple medications [36].”
The potential of drug repurposing to face bacterial and fungal biofilm infections
Oliveira, I. M., Borges, A. D. S., & Simões, M. V. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819497-3.00014-3 · Cited by 6
Topology-enhanced molecular graph representation for anti-breast cancer drug selection
Gao, Y., Chen, S., Tong, J., & Fu, X. (2022) · BMC Bioinformatics · doi:10.1186/s12859-022-04913-6 · Cited by 5
“At present, in the field of drug research, regarding time and cost consuming [9, 10], Quantitative Structure-Activity/Property Relationship (QSAR/QSPR) model is one of the most representative in-silico prediction tools to evaluate biological activity and ADMET properties of candidate drug compounds.”
Background
Discovery of a structurally novel, potent, and once-weekly free fatty acid receptor 1 agonist for the treatment of diabetes
Wang, B., Cai, Z., Yao, H., Jiao, S., Chen, S., Yang, Z., Huang, W., Ren, Q., Cao, Z., Chen, Y., et al. (2022) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114883 · Cited by 6
Drug Repurposing Based on Machine Learning
Tripathi, L., Kumar, P., Swain, K., & Pattnaik, S. (2022) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394167258.ch5 · Cited by 5
Biological Database Mining for LLM-Driven Alzheimer’s Disease Drug RepurposingPreprint
Schmitt, R. A., Bülau, K., Martin, L., Huettl, C., Schirner, M., Stefanovski, L., & Ritter, P. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.12.04.626255 · Cited by 5
Integrated edge information and pathway topology for drug-disease associations
Li, X., Zan, X., Liu, T., Dong, X., Zhang, H., Li, Q., Bao, Z., & Lin, J. (2024) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.110025 · Cited by 4
DruGNNosis-MoA: Elucidating Drug Mechanisms as Etiological or Palliative With Graph Neural Networks Employing a Large Language Model
Liad, B., Berman, E., Jagodnik, K. M., & Bartal, A. (2025) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2025.3565553 · Cited by 4
Discovery of Tricyclic Derivative as Novel and Potent Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion Glycoprotein Inhibitor with an Improved Pharmacokinetic Profile
Zhang, L., Xue, B., Cao, M., Mao, Y., Ma, F., Wang, L., Yang, X., Zhao, X., Qiu, Z., Tang, J., et al. (2025) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5c00692 · Cited by 4
Are metformin-based combination approaches beneficial for non-small cell lung cancer: evidence from experimental and clinical studies
Thyagarajan‐Sahu, A., Gajjar, V., & Sahu, R. P. (2025) · Military Medical Research · doi:10.1186/s40779-025-00649-5 · Cited by 6
“However, drug repositioning avoids the slow progression and side effects [35, 36].”
Drug repositioning pipeline integrating community analysis in drug-drug similarity networks and automated ATC community labeling to foster molecular docking analysis
Colibăşanu, D., Groza, V., Occhiuzzi, M. A., Grande, F., Udrescu, M., & Udrescu, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Bioinformatics · doi:10.3389/fbinf.2025.1666716 · Cited by 4
“…reducing development timelines and costs Pushpakom et al. (2019); it also offers greater safety predictability because it involves drugs with known pharmacokinetic profiles that have already undergone rigorous testing Parvathaneni et al. (2019); Pushpakom et al. (2019); Zhang et al. (2020).”
A dual-responsive AI-designed peptide P9-conjugate disrupts E6–E6AP Interface to restore p53 and suppress HPV16-driven cervical cancer
Hua, Y., Xu, Y., Wan, J., Fan, Y., Zeng, X., Qian, H., & Shen, Y. (2025) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2025.114536 · Cited by 4
Revitalizing antimicrobial strategies: paromomycin and dicoumarol repurposed as potent inhibitors of M.tb's replication machinery via targeting the vital protein DnaN
Ali, W., Agarwal, M., Jamal, S., Gangwar, R., Sharma, R., Mubarak, M. M., Wani, Z. A., Ahmad, Z., Khan, A., Sheikh, J. A., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134652 · Cited by 4
Nanotherapy for human papillomavirus-associated cancers: breakthroughs and challenges
Lopes‐Nunes, J., Oliveira, P. A., & Cruz, C. (2024) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2024.07.004 · Cited by 4
Repurposing of USFDA-approved drugs to identify leads for inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme: a plausible utility as an anti-Alzheimer agent
Goel, K. K., Chahal, S., Kumar, D., Jaiswal, S., Nainwal, N., Singh, R. K., Mahajan, S., Rawat, P., Yadav, S., Fartyal, P., et al. (2024) · RSC Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d4md00461b · Cited by 4
Repurposed Drugs: Current Trends in Drug Discovery
Srikanth, G., Beda, D. P., & Kumar, N. P. (2024) · Pharmaceutical science. · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1006501 · Cited by 4
Elucidating the dual mechanistic action and synergism of platinum complexes bearing valproic acid as leaving ligand on NF-κB and inflammatory pathways in glioma
Man, S., Li, J., Li, Y., Yan, F., Wang, Z., Huang, J., Xia, Y., Khan, A. J., Wang, L., Jia, S., et al. (2025) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2025.117522 · Cited by 4
FDA-approved drugs for targeting virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A drug repurposing approach to combat multidrug resistance
Sharma, B., Chadha, J., Khullar, L., Rashpa, S., & Harjai, K. (2025) · Microbial Pathogenesis · doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107781 · Cited by 4
A controlled comparative study of the effects of methotrexate and pharmacogenetic factors on arterial blood pressure and arterial stiffness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Mangoni, A. A., Wiese, M. D., Woodman, R. J., Sotgia, S., Zinellu, A., Carru, C., Hulin, J.-A., Shanahan, E. M., & Tommasi, S. (2025) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890.2025.2539311 · Cited by 4
Targeting programmed death ligand 1 for anticancer therapy using computational drug repurposing and molecular simulations
Khan, M. S., Shamsi, A., Shahwan, M. J., Dinislam, K., & Yadav, D. K. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-14503-0 · Cited by 4

Authors: Parvathaneni, V., Kulkarni, N. S., Muth, A., & Gupta, V.
Affiliations: St. John's University (US)
Corresponding author: Gupta, Vivek
ORCID: Parvathaneni, Vineela
Muth, Aaron
Gupta, Vivek
Venue: Drug Discovery Today
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2019-10
Volume: 24
Issue: 10
Pages: 2076-2085
ISSN: 1359-6446 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.06.014
PMC: PMC11920972
OpenAlex: W2951512731
Semantic Scholar: 023e169dfa4fe591ef24cf91b93e0d7371bb3400
Cited by: 597
References: 87
Citations by year: 2026: 80 · 2025: 137 · 2024: 130 · 2023: 96 · 2022: 77 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 3
FWCI: 3.18
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Drug Discovery Today (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Health Research Alliance (cc-by)
Funders: NIH (1R15HL138606-01A1)
American Heart Association (18AIREA33960072)
Topics: Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Drug Discovery › Computational Drug Discovery Methods
Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Historical Medical Research and Treatments
Keywords: drug repurposing, FDA-approved drugs, new therapeutic indications, serendipitous drug discovery, drug development challenges
MeSH terms: Humans, Drug Discovery, Drug Repositioning

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Drug repurposing: a promising tool to accelerate the drug discovery process

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