Cited by 598Computational Drug Discovery MethodsPharmaceutical Economics and PolicyHistorical Medical Research and Treatments

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Drug repurposing: a promising tool to accelerate the drug discovery process

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Parvathaneni, Vineela, Kulkarni, Nishant S., Muth, Aaron, Gupta, Vivek·2019·Drug Discovery Today

DOI 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.06.014PMC PMC11920972

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Abstract

Traditional drug discovery and development involves several stages for the discovery of a new drug and to obtain marketing approval. It is necessary to discover new strategies for reducing the drug discovery time frame. Today, drug repurposing has gained importance in identifying new therapeutic uses for already-available drugs. Typically, repurposing can be achieved serendipitously (unintentional fortunate observations) or through systematic approaches. Numerous strategies to discover new indications for FDA-approved drugs are discussed in this article. Drug repurposing has therefore become a productive approach for drug discovery because it provides a novel way to explore old drugs for new use but encounters several challenges. Some examples of different approaches are reviewed here.

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Bellino, S., Lucente, D., & Salvia, A. L. (2025) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers17152488 · Cited by 2
“…approaches include various laboratory and clinical methods such as binding assays (assessing the interaction between a drug and a specific biological target), phenotypic screening (testing a drug’s effect on a cellular or organismal level), in vitro/in vivo experiments, and clinical studies [15].”
Quantum Computing in Drug Discovery Techniques, Challenges, and Emerging Opportunities
Gomase, V. S., Ghatule, A. P., Sharma, R., & Dhamane, S. P. (2025) · Current Drug Discovery Technologies · doi:10.2174/0115701638371707250729040426 · Cited by 5
Role of Chemoinformatics and Machine Learning in Drug Repurposing
Sirci, F., & Güney, E. (2025) · Drug repurposing · doi:10.58647/drugrepo.25.1.0005 · Cited by 2
Computational drug repurposing reveals Alectinib as a potential lead targeting Cathepsin S for therapeutic developments against cancer and chronic pain
Alrouji, M., Alshammari, M. S., Alhajlah, S., Syed, T., Dinislam, K., Shamsi, A., & Anwar, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Bioinformatics · doi:10.3389/fbinf.2025.1666573 · Cited by 2
“Using already established pharmacological and toxicological information on approved drugs, therapy revitalization can significantly accelerate the pathway from target discovery to the clinic, decrease development expenses, and lessen the safety concerns (Parvathaneni et al., 2019).”
From Quantum Chemistry to Dynamics: Exploring Potential Inhibitors for Alongshan Virus RdRp Through Advanced Computational Techniques
Khan, K., Ahmad, S., Aljasir, M. A., Nadeem, S., Siddique, F., Saira, & Rehman, B. (2025) · Journal of Computational Biophysics and Chemistry · doi:10.1142/s2737416525501133 · Cited by 2
Harnessing antimalarial chemical space: the way forward
Sundriyal, S., & Majumdar, A. (2025) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1080/17460441.2025.2582539 · Cited by 2
“One of the strategies in drug discovery is the repurposing of existing drugs for new targets [40,41].”
Drug repurposing in gynaecological cancers: Proven drugs for new challenges
Alghalayini, A., Sarker, F. A., Dickson, K.-A., Bowden, N. A., & Marsh, D. J. (2025) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2025.118885 · Cited by 2
Exploring market-approved azoles as potential breast cancer therapeutics targeting the VEGFR-2 biotarget
Atta, A. M., Nafie, M. S., Ali, H. A., Saleh, H. K., Roshdy, M. A., Mahmoud, M. M., Eid, E. A., Ahmed, M. A., Gerges, M. S., Ghoneim, A. M., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-29322-6 · Cited by 2
“Unfortunately, the conventional drug discovery and development process is a protracted endeavor, involving multiple stages to secure a unique approved medication and necessitating substantial financial commitment (about 1 billion dollars and ten years for a new drug to enter the market) 33 .”
Harnessing AlphaFold: Applications in disease understanding, drug discovery, and vaccine design
Kinde, M. Z., Gessese, A. T., Fenta, M. D., Chanie, S. D., & Sisay, T. (2026) · Results in Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2026.111095 · Cited by 3
Computational approaches for identifying quorum sensing inhibitors
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“Traditionally, the drug discovery process requires intensive and high-throughput procedures, which are time-consuming and expensive [ 83].”
Advancing Drug Discovery with AI: Machine and Deep Learning Strategies for Target Identification and Precision Nanomedicine
Chakraborty, A., Gholap, A. D., Khuspe, P. R., Sundaram, G., Webster, T. J., Khalid, M., Haris, M. S., & Faiyazuddin, M. (2026) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s600651 · Cited by 2
From Laboratory to Patient Access: A Scoping Review of the Multi-Dimensional Challenges in Drug Repurposing
Ivanov, A., Ruseva, V., Hababa-Ivanova, I., Getova-Kolarova, V., Lebanova, H. V., & Getov, I. N. (2026) · Pharmacy · doi:10.3390/pharmacy14030085 · Cited by 2
“While the scientific community frequently identifies high-potential repurposing candidates through advanced computational modeling and high-throughput screening, a significant “translation gap” persists [7].”
EZCancerTarget: an open-access drug repurposing and data-collection tool to enhance target validation and optimize international research efforts against highly progressive cancers
Dóra, D., Dóra, T. B., Szegvári, G., Gerdán, C., & Lohinai, Z. (2022) · BioData Mining · doi:10.1186/s13040-022-00307-9 · Cited by 2
Exploring Machine Learning Algorithms and Numerical Representations Strategies to Develop Sequence-Based Predictive Models for Protein Networks
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Repurposable Drugs for Immunotherapy and Strategies to Find Candidate Drugs
Sakai, N., Kamimura, K., & Terai, S. (2023) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15092190 · Cited by 3
“A clinical trial was started with the results of the basic research, and the Phase II study has just been completed [60].”
Background
Insights into enterovirus a-71 antiviral development: from natural sources to synthetic nanoparticles
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“It is a promising technique that leads important results in treatment of viral diseases by decreasing investment and time as well as providing low risk for the patient (Cha et al. 2018; Parvathaneni et al. 2019).”
Background
In Silico Screening of Multi-Domain Targeted Inhibitors for PTK6: A Strategy Integrating Drug Repurposing and Consensus Docking
Zhou, Y., & Wong, M. W. (2023) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph17010060 · Cited by 2
Bosutinib Laden Three-Dimensional Printed Zein Scaffolds Promote Osteogenesis
Xianghui, Z. O. U., Yin, J., Lei, Q., Luo, X., Chen, S., Yang, X., Tan, S., & Ma, D. (2024) · ACS Applied Polymer Materials · doi:10.1021/acsapm.3c02556 · Cited by 2
Repurposing of biologics and biopharmaceuticals
Israr, J., Alam, S., Singh, V., & Kumar, A. (2024) · Progress in molecular biology and translational science · doi:10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.03.028 · Cited by 2
Disclosure of cinnamic acid/4,9-diaminoacridine conjugates as multi-stage antiplasmodial hits
Fonte, M., Rôla, C., Santana, S., Avalos‐Padilla, Y., Fernàndez‐Busquets, X., Prudêncio, M., Gomes, P. A. C., & Teixeira, C. A. S. (2024) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117714 · Cited by 2
Susceptibility of HPV-18 Cancer Cells to HIV Protease Inhibitors
Makgoo, L., Mosebi, S., & Mbita, Z. (2024) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v16101622 · Cited by 2
“To overcome issues with drug discovery, drug repurposing (DR) is increasingly being recognized Viruses 2024 , 16 , 1622 2 of 18 as a promising alternative [9].”
Background
DrugRepPT: a deep pretraining and fine-tuning framework for drug repositioning based on drug’s expression perturbation and treatment effectiveness
Fan, S., Yang, K., Lu, K., Xin, D., Li, X., Zhu, Q., Li, S., Zeng, J., & Zhou, X. (2024) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btae692 · Cited by 2
Towards Improving the Efficiency of Drug Repurposing by Leveraging Node Promiscuity in Biomedical Knowledge Graphs
Korn, D., Hou, P.-Y., Schatz, K., Beasley, J.-M. T., Tropsha, A., & Chirkova, R. Y. (2024) · ACM Transactions on Computing for Healthcare · doi:10.1145/3707650 · Cited by 2
Hypergraph-based Self-supervised Multi-channel Network for Drug-target Interaction Prediction
Zeng, X., Yu, L., Yang, P., Chen, W., & Lei, B. (2024) · IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM) · doi:10.1109/bibm62325.2024.10821879 · Cited by 2
“With rapid growth of machine learning (ML) and the availability of extensive drug-related data, ML-based methods to predict potential DTI from heterogeneous biological data has emerged as a promising strategy [2, 3].”
Computational Drug Repositioning in Cardiorenal Disease: Opportunities, Challenges, and Approaches
Perco, P., Ley, M., Kęska, K., Wojenska, D., Bono, E., Walter, S. M., Fillinger, L., & Kratochwill, K. (2025) · PROTEOMICS · doi:10.1002/pmic.202400109 · Cited by 2
Structural landscape of new salts of the antihistamine drug bilastine: implications in physicochemical properties and anticancer activity against skin cancer
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Knowledge-Based Artificial Intelligence System for Drug Prioritization
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Design, synthesis, computational insights, and evaluation of tetrazole containing donepezil derivatives as antibiofilm, antimicrobial, and anticancer agents with doxorubicin
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Advancing QSAR models in drug discovery for best practices, theoretical foundations, and applications in targeting nuclear factor-κB inhibitors- A bright future in pharmaceutical chemistry
Hammoudi, N.-E.-H., Lalaoui, O., Sobhi, W., Erto, A., Micoli, L., Jeon, B., Benguerba, Y., Elfalleh, W., Ali, M. A. M., Ibrahim, N. A., et al. (2025) · Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems · doi:10.1016/j.chemolab.2025.105544 · Cited by 2
Screening of Amodiaquine for its in vitro Anti-cancer Activity on Breast Cancer Cell Lines- a Case Study for Drug Reprofiling
Salako, K. S. (2021) · Pan African Journal of Life Sciences · doi:10.36108/pajols/1202.50.0240 · Cited by 2
“Second, there is a reduction in development time [7].”
Background
Amlodipine Repositioning: Scientific Studies and Synergistic Effects
Coelho, S. S., da Rosa, T. F., Rampelotto, R. F., Serafin, M. B., Bottega, A., Foletto, V. S., Machado, C. D. S., & Hörner, R. (2019) · American Journal of Therapeutics · doi:10.1097/mjt.0000000000001122 · Cited by 2
Literature-Based Drug–Drug Similarity for Drug Repurposing: Impact of Medical Subject Headings Term Refinement and Hierarchical Clustering
Das, S. S., Ranjan, P., & Kunnakkattu, I. R. (2022) · Future Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.4155/fmc-2022-0074 · Cited by 2
The screening of compounds regulating PD‐L1 transcriptional activity in a cell functional high‐throughput manner
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The Drug Repurposing Strategy in the Exscalate4CoV Project: Raloxifene Clinical Trials
Beccari, A. R., Dionigi, L., Nicastri, E., Manelfi, C., & Gavioli, E. M. (2023) · SpringerBriefs in applied sciences and technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-30691-4_3 · Cited by 2
Numerical optimization of Lenalidomide immunomodulatory drug inside the supercritical carbon dioxide system using different machine learning models
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A comparative analysis of transcriptomics of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: exploring drug repurposing
Giannakoulas, A., Nikolaidis, M., Amoutzias, G. D., & Giannakoulas, N. C. (2024) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2024.1390105 · Cited by 2
The Prospect and Challenges of Repurposing Established Drugs in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
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A metabolic and mitochondrial angle on aging
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In Silico Drug Repurposing of 9H-Thioxanthene Based FDA-Approved Drugs as Potent Chemotherapeutics Targeting VEGFR-2 and COX-2
(2022) · Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry · doi:10.33263/briac134.372 · Cited by 1
A Graph-Based Approach to Integrate Large-Scale Drug and Protein Data for Alzheimer’s Disease Drug Repurposing
Dimitrakopoulos, G. Ν., Lazaros, K., Krokidis, M. G., Exarchos, T., Vrahatis, A. G., & Vlamos, P. (2023) · IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData) · doi:10.1109/bigdata59044.2023.10386766 · Cited by 1
Synergistic Solutions: Exploring Clotrimazole’s Potential in Prostate and Bladder Cancer Cell Lines
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“Additionally, drug combination techniques enable a decrease in the drug concentrations required to provide therapeutic effects [20].”
Background

Authors: Parvathaneni, V., Kulkarni, N. S., Muth, A., & Gupta, V.
Affiliations: St. John's University (US)
Corresponding author: Gupta, Vivek
ORCID: Parvathaneni, Vineela
Muth, Aaron
Gupta, Vivek
Venue: Drug Discovery Today
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2019-10
Volume: 24
Issue: 10
Pages: 2076-2085
ISSN: 1359-6446 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.06.014
PMC: PMC11920972
OpenAlex: W2951512731
Semantic Scholar: 023e169dfa4fe591ef24cf91b93e0d7371bb3400
Cited by: 597
References: 87
Citations by year: 2026: 80 · 2025: 137 · 2024: 130 · 2023: 96 · 2022: 77 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 3
FWCI: 3.18
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Drug Discovery Today (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Health Research Alliance (cc-by)
Funders: NIH (1R15HL138606-01A1)
American Heart Association (18AIREA33960072)
Topics: Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Drug Discovery › Computational Drug Discovery Methods
Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Historical Medical Research and Treatments
Keywords: drug repurposing, FDA-approved drugs, new therapeutic indications, serendipitous drug discovery, drug development challenges
MeSH terms: Humans, Drug Discovery, Drug Repositioning

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Drug repurposing: a promising tool to accelerate the drug discovery process

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