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Smoking and suicide: A brief overview
Open accessAbstract
This article provides a brief overview of the rationales, possible mechanisms and epidemiological data on the association of smoking, smoking cessation and cessation medications with suicide. Current smoking is reliably associated with suicide both in case-control and cohort studies. The three most plausible (but relatively untested) explanations for the association are that smokers have pre-existing conditions that increase their risk for suicide, smoking causes painful and debilitating conditions that might lead to suicide, and smoking decreases serotonin and monoamine oxidase levels. Stopping smoking appears to lead to major depression in some smokers; thus, it could induce suicide; however, smoking cessation has not been associated with suicide in the few studies available. Regulatory agencies have stated bupropion, rimonabant and varenicline appear to be associated with suicide; however, the data for these statements have not been presented in sufficient detail to assess their validity. Most prior data have come from post hoc analyses. Studies that a priori focus on understanding smoking and suicide are now needed.
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“The underlying mechanism for this increased risk is unclear, although confounding by alcohol misuse and mental illness seems to explain some, but certainly not all, of the association.1”
From Are smoking cessation treatments associated with suicidality risk? An overview (2016) · cites this paper as [1]
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“Although active smokers have been reported to have twofold to threefold increased risk of suicidality when compared to nonsmokers,1–4”
From Are smoking cessation treatments associated with suicidality risk? An overview (2016) · cites this paper as [1]
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Chapter 18. Children and Adolescents
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Chapter 20. Suicide in the Elderly Population
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Chapter 1. Suicide Risk Assessment
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Chapter 30. Suicide Prevention Programs
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Frontiers in Mental Health and the Environment
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Fatores associados ao tabagismo em pacientes pós-cirurgia bariátrica
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Chapter 32. Psychiatrist Reactions to Patient Suicide and the Clinician’s Role
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Tobacco-induced diseases: An emphasis on mental health conditions that may result from cigarette use
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ANÁLISE DA SAÚDE MENTAL DE TABAGISTAS NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA A SAÚDE
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Neurobehavioral Toxicology of Substances of Abuse
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Chapter 10. Bipolar Spectrum Disorders
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Chapter 9. Substance-Related Disorders
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Chapter 16. Inpatient Treatment
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Chapter 31. Teaching Suicide Risk Assessment in Psychiatric Residency Training
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Chapter 23. Suicide and Gender
Sidhu, N., & Friedman, S. H. (2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615375288.lg23 · Cited by 1
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Wenzel, A. E., & Adler, A. (2020) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615375288.lg03 · Cited by 1
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hughes, J. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Vermont (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hughes, John R.
- ORCID
- Hughes, John R.
- Venue
- Drug and Alcohol Dependence
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-12
- Volume
- 98
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 169-178
- ISSN
- 0376-8716 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2585177
- OpenAlex
- W2062560594
- Cited by
- 236
- References
- 105
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 1.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Drug and Alcohol Dependence (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA00490, K05DA000490)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- smoking, suicide, smoking cessation, smoking cessation medication, bupropion, rimonabant, varenicline, major depressive disorder, serotonin, monoamine oxidase, suicide risk factors, suicide epidemiology
- MeSH terms
- Antidepressive Agents, Cannabinoids, Humans, Smoking, Suicide, Biomarkers, Smoking Cessation, Self-Injurious Behavior, Nicotinic Agonists
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