Cited by 237Smoking Behavior and CessationSuicide and Self-Harm StudiesSubstance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes

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Smoking and suicide: A brief overview

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Hughes, John R.·2008·Drug and Alcohol Dependence

DOI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.06.003PMC PMC2585177

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Abstract

This article provides a brief overview of the rationales, possible mechanisms and epidemiological data on the association of smoking, smoking cessation and cessation medications with suicide. Current smoking is reliably associated with suicide both in case-control and cohort studies. The three most plausible (but relatively untested) explanations for the association are that smokers have pre-existing conditions that increase their risk for suicide, smoking causes painful and debilitating conditions that might lead to suicide, and smoking decreases serotonin and monoamine oxidase levels. Stopping smoking appears to lead to major depression in some smokers; thus, it could induce suicide; however, smoking cessation has not been associated with suicide in the few studies available. Regulatory agencies have stated bupropion, rimonabant and varenicline appear to be associated with suicide; however, the data for these statements have not been presented in sufficient detail to assess their validity. Most prior data have come from post hoc analyses. Studies that a priori focus on understanding smoking and suicide are now needed.

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Authors: Hughes, J. R.
Affiliations: University of Vermont (US)
Corresponding author: Hughes, John R.
ORCID: Hughes, John R.
Venue: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2008-12
Volume: 98
Issue: 3
Pages: 169-178
ISSN: 0376-8716 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.06.003
PMC: PMC2585177
OpenAlex: W2062560594
Cited by: 236
References: 105
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 15
FWCI: 1.99
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Drug and Alcohol Dependence (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA00490, K05DA000490)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Keywords: smoking, suicide, smoking cessation, smoking cessation medication, bupropion, rimonabant, varenicline, major depressive disorder, serotonin, monoamine oxidase, suicide risk factors, suicide epidemiology
MeSH terms: Antidepressive Agents, Cannabinoids, Humans, Smoking, Suicide, Biomarkers, Smoking Cessation, Self-Injurious Behavior, Nicotinic Agonists

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