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Reliability and validity of a short form of the Marijuana Craving Questionnaire
Open accessAbstract
Background The Marijuana Craving Questionnaire (MCQ) is a valid and reliable, 47-item self-report instrument that assesses marijuana craving along four dimensions: compulsivity, emotionality, expectancy, and purposefulness. For use in research and clinical settings, we constructed a 12-item version of the MCQ by selecting three items from each of the four factors that exhibited the greatest within-factor internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient).Methods Adult marijuana users (n=490), who had made at least one serious attempt to quit marijuana use but were not seeking treatment, completed the MCQ-Short Form (MCQ-SF) in a single session.Results Confirmatory factor analysis of the MCQ-SF indicated good fit with the 4-factor MCQ model, and the coefficient of congruence indicated moderate similarity in factor patterns and loadings between the MCQ and MCQ-SF. Homogeneity (unidimensionality and internal consistency) of MCQ-SF factors was also consistent with reliability values obtained in the initial validation of the MCQ.Conclusions Findings of psychometric fidelity indicate that the MCQ-SF is a reliable and valid measure of the same multidimensional aspects of marijuana craving as the MCQ in marijuana users not seeking treatment.
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“baseline marijuana craving was assessed with the Marijuana Craving Questionnaire (MCQ) (Heishman et al., 2009), a 12-item instrument with four subscales (Expectancy, Purposefulness, Emotionality, and Compulsivity).”
From Effect of oxytocin on craving and stress response in marijuana-dependent individuals: A pilot study (2013) · cites this paper as Heishman et al., 2009
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Metadata
- Authors
- Heishman, S. J., Evans, R. J., Singleton, E. G., Levin, K. H., Copersino, M. L., & Gorelick, D. A.
- Affiliations
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (US)
- MayaTech (United States) (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Drug and Alcohol Dependence
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-06
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 1-3
- Pages
- 35-40
- ISSN
- 0376-8716 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2694410
- OpenAlex
- W2006062215
- Cited by
- 212
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 6.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Drug and Alcohol Dependence (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (Z01DA000485)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- short-form questionnaire, psychometric validation, reliability statistics, validity, compulsivity, emotionality, expectancy, purposefulness, marijuana users, unidimensionality
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Marijuana Abuse, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Ethnicity, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Regression Analysis, Reproducibility of Results, Black People, White People, Young Adult
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