Exposure to the Lebanon War of 2006 and effects on alcohol use disorders: the moderating role of childhood maltreatment
Open accessAbstract
Background Civilian populations now comprise the majority of casualties in modern warfare, but effects of war exposure on alcohol disorders in the general population are largely unexplored. Accumulating literature indicates that adverse experiences early in life sensitize individuals to increased alcohol problems after adult stressful experiences. However, child and adult stressful experiences can be correlated, limiting interpretation. We examine risk for alcohol disorders among Israelis after the 2006 Lebanon War, a fateful event outside the control of civilian individuals and uncorrelated with childhood experiences. Further, we test whether those with a history of maltreatment are at greater risk for an alcohol use disorder after war exposure compared to those without such a history.Methods Adult household residents selected from the Israeli population register were assessed with a psychiatric structured interview; the analyzed sample included 1306 respondents. War measures included self-reported days in an exposed region.Results Among those with a history of maltreatment, those in a war-exposed region for 30+ days had 5.3 times the odds of subsequent alcohol disorders compared to those exposed 0 days (95%C.I. 1.01-27.76), controlled for relevant confounders; the odds ratio for those without this history was 0.5 (95%C.I. 0.25-1.01); test for interaction: X(2)=5.28, df=1, P=0.02.Conclusions Experiencing a fateful stressor outside the control of study participants, civilian exposure to the 2006 Lebanon War, is associated with a heightened the risk of alcohol disorders among those with early adverse childhood experiences. Results suggest that early life experiences may sensitize individuals to adverse health responses later in life.
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- Authors
- Keyes, K. M., Shmulewitz, D., Greenstein, E., McLaughlin, K., Wall, M., Aharonovich, E., Weizman, A., Frisch, A., Spivak, B., Grant, B. F., & Hasin, D.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- Tel Aviv University (IL)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Keyes, Katherine M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Drug and Alcohol Dependence
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-01
- Volume
- 134
- Pages
- 296-303
- ISSN
- 0376-8716 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3884580
- OpenAlex
- W2013562861
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 1.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2014-06-01)
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Drug and Alcohol Dependence (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01AA013654, U01AA018111, K01AA021511, K05AA014223)
- National Institute of Mental Health (K01MH092526)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA024606)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- 2006 Lebanon War, war exposure, alcoholism, child abuse, childhood adversity, moderating effect, Israeli population
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Child Abuse, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Lebanon, Male, Middle Aged, Population Surveillance, Stress, Psychological, Warfare, Alcohol-Related Disorders, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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