Cited by 157Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesCannabis and Cannabinoid ResearchOpioid Use Disorder Treatment

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A randomized placebo-controlled trial of N-acetylcysteine for cannabis use disorder in adults.

Open access

Gray, Kevin M., Sonne, Susan C., McClure, Erin A., Ghitza, Udi E., Matthews, Abigail G., McRae-Clark, Aimee L., Carroll, Kathleen M., Potter, Jennifer S., Wiest, Katharina, Mooney, Larissa J., Hasson, Albert, Walsh, Sharon L., Lofwall, Michelle R., Babalonis, Shanna, Lindblad, Robert W., Sparenborg, Steven, Wahle, Aimee, King, Jacqueline S., Baker, Nathaniel L., Tomko, Rachel L., Haynes, Louise F., Vandrey, Ryan G., Levin, Frances R.·2017·Drug and Alcohol Dependence

DOI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.04.020PMC PMC5535813

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Background Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is a prevalent and impairing condition, and established psychosocial treatments convey limited efficacy. In light of recent findings supporting the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) for CUD in adolescents, the objective of this trial was to evaluate its efficacy in adults.Methods In a 12-week double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial, treatment-seeking adults ages 18-50 with CUD (N=302), enrolled across six National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network-affiliated clinical sites, were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to a 12-week course of NAC 1200mg (n=153) or placebo (n=149) twice daily. All participants received contingency management (CM) and medical management. The primary efficacy measure was the odds of negative urine cannabinoid tests during treatment, compared between NAC and placebo participants.Results There was not statistically significant evidence that the NAC and placebo groups differed in cannabis abstinence (odds ratio=1.00, 95% confidence interval 0.63-1.59, p=0.984). Overall, 22.3% of urine cannabinoid tests in the NAC group were negative, compared with 22.4% in the placebo group. Many participants were medication non-adherent; exploratory analysis within medication-adherent subgroups revealed no significant differential abstinence outcomes by treatment group.Conclusions In contrast with prior findings in adolescents, there is no evidence that NAC 1200mg twice daily plus CM is differentially efficacious for CUD in adults when compared to placebo plus CM. This discrepant finding between adolescents and adults with CUD may have been influenced by differences in development, cannabis use profiles, responses to embedded behavioral treatment, medication adherence, and other factors.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.04.020

Cites

34 of 34 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Untitled work
(1998) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · Cited by 19,139
Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models
LIANG, K.-Y., & ZEGER, S. L. (1986) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/73.1.13 · Cited by 18,550
Untitled work
(1998) · PubMed · Cited by 10,216
Adverse health effects of marijuana use.
Volkow, N. D., Baler, R. D., Compton, W. M., & Weiss, S. R. B. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1402309 · Cited by 2,774
Prevalence of marijuana use disorders in the United States between 2001-2002 and 2012-2013.
Hasin, D. S., Saha, T. D., Kerridge, B. T., Goldstein, R. B., Chou, S. P., Zhang, H., Jung, J., Pickering, R. P., Ruan, W. J., Smith, S. M., et al. (2015) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.1858 · Cited by 1,086
Reliability of a Timeline Method: assessing normal drinkers' reports of recent drinking and a comparative evaluation across several populations
Sobell, L. C., Sobell, M. B., Leo, G. I., & Cancilla, A. (1988) · British Journal of Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb00485.x · Cited by 777
Neuroadaptations in cystine-glutamate exchange underlie cocaine relapse
Baker, D. L., McFarland, K., LAKE, R. W., Shen, H., Tang, X., Toda, S., & Kalivas, P. W. (2003) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1069 · Cited by 740
Prevalence and Correlates of DSM-5 Cannabis Use Disorder, 2012-2013: Findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions–III
Hasin, D. S., Kerridge, B. T., Saha, T. D., Huang, B., Pickering, R., Smith, S. M., Jung, J., Zhang, H., & Grant, B. F. (2016) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15070907 · Cited by 579
Topiramate for Treating Alcohol Dependence<SUBTITLE>A Randomized Controlled Trial</SUBTITLE>
Johnson, B. A. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.298.14.1641 · Cited by 542
A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial of N -Acetylcysteine in Cannabis-Dependent Adolescents
Gray, K. M., Carpenter, M. J., Baker, N. L., DeSantis, S. M., Kryway, E., Hartwell, K. J., McRae-Clark, A. L., & Brady, K. T. (2012) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12010055 · Cited by 306
Self-citation

Show all 35 references

Sorted by citations

Cannabis use and cannabis use disorder
Connor, J. P., Stjepanović, D., Le Foll, B., Hoch, E., Budney, A. J., & Hall, W. D. (2021) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-021-00247-4 · Cited by 552
The Multifaceted Therapeutic Role of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) in Disorders Characterized by Oxidative Stress
Raghu, G., Berk, M., Campochiaro, P. A., Jaeschke, H., Marenzi, G., Richeldi, L., Wen, F., Nicoletti, F., & CALVERLEY, P. M. A. (2020) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x19666201230144109 · Cited by 318
The Current State of Pharmacological Treatments for Cannabis Use Disorder and Withdrawal
Brezing, C., & LEVIN, F. R. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2017.212 · Cited by 148
Self-citation
Adolescent Substance Use Disorder Treatment: an Update on Evidence-Based Strategies
Fadus, M. C., Squeglia, L. M., Valadez, E. A., Tomko, R. L., Bryant, B. E., & Gray, K. M. (2019) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-019-1086-0 · Cited by 127
Self-citation
Reductions in cannabis use are associated with improvements in anxiety, depression, and sleep quality, but not quality of life
Hser, Y.-I., Mooney, L. J., Huang, D., Zhu, Y., Tomko, R. L., McClure, E., Chou, C.-P., & Gray, K. M. (2017) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2017.07.012 · Cited by 127
Self-citation
Nabiximols combined with motivational enhancement/cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of cannabis dependence: A pilot randomized clinical trial
Trigo, J. M., Soliman, A., Quilty, L. C., Fischer, B., Rehm, J. T., Selby, P. L., Barnes, A. J., Huestis, M. A., George, T. P., Streiner, D. L., et al. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190768 · Cited by 123
An update on cannabis use disorder with comment on the impact of policy related to therapeutic and recreational cannabis use
Budney, A. J., Sofis, M. J., & Borodovsky, J. T. (2019) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-018-0976-1 · Cited by 113
N-Acetylcysteine for the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders: A Review of Current Evidence
Ooi, S. L., Green, R., & Pak, S. C. (2018) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2018/2469486 · Cited by 99
Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence
Nielsen, S., Gowing, L., Sabioni, P., & Le Foll, B. (2019) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008940.pub3 · Cited by 96
The Potential of N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC) in the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders
Bradlow, R. C. J., Berk, M., Kalivas, P. W., Back, S. E., & Kanaan, R. A. (2022) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-022-00907-3 · Cited by 87
Potential of Glial Cell Modulators in the Management of Substance Use Disorders
Jones, J. D. (2020) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-020-00721-9 · Cited by 79
Treatment Implications Associated With Cannabis and Tobacco Co-use
McClure, E. A., Rabin, R. A., Lee, D. C., & Hindocha, C. (2020) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-020-00334-8 · Cited by 73
Self-citation
Tobacco and cannabis co-use and interrelatedness among adults
Akbar, S. A., Tomko, R. L., Salazar, C. A., Squeglia, L. M., & McClure, E. A. (2018) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.11.036 · Cited by 69
Self-citation
Consideration of sex and gender differences in addiction medication response
McKee, S. A., & McRae‐Clark, A. L. (2022) · Biology of Sex Differences · doi:10.1186/s13293-022-00441-3 · Cited by 67
Self-citation
Nabilone pharmacotherapy for cannabis dependence: A randomized, controlled pilot study
Hill, K. P., Palastro, M. D., Gruber, S. A., Fitzmaurice, G. M., Greenfield, S. F., Lukas, S. E., & Weiss, R. D. (2017) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1111/ajad.12622 · Cited by 62
Tobacco and cannabis co-use: Drug substitution, quit interest, and cessation preferences.
McClure, E. A., Tomko, R. L., Salazar, C. A., Akbar, S. A., Squeglia, L. M., Herrmann, E. S., Carpenter, M. J., & Peters, E. N. (2018) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000244 · Cited by 63
Self-citation
Neurobiology of substance use in adolescents and potential therapeutic effects of exercise for prevention and treatment of substance use disorders
Nock, N. L., Minnes, S., & Alberts, J. L. (2017) · Birth Defects Research · doi:10.1002/bdr2.1182 · Cited by 61
Pharmacotherapy for the Treatment of Cannabis Use Disorder
Kondo, K. K., Morasco, B. J., Nugent, S. M., Ayers, C. K., O'Neil, M. E., Freeman, M., & Kansagara, D. L. (2020) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m19-1105 · Cited by 63
The effect of N-acetylcysteine on alcohol use during a cannabis cessation trial
Squeglia, L. M., Tomko, R. L., Baker, N. L., McClure, E. A., Book, G. A., & Gray, K. M. (2018) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.12.005 · Cited by 59
Self-citation
Systematic review of outcome domains and measures used in psychosocial and pharmacological treatment trials for cannabis use disorder
Lee, D. C., Schlienz, N. J., Peters, E. N., Dworkin, R. H., Turk, D. C., Strain, E. C., & Vandrey, R. G. (2018) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.020 · Cited by 49
Self-citation
Incremental validity of estimated cannabis grams as a predictor of problems and cannabinoid biomarkers: Evidence from a clinical trial
Tomko, R. L., Baker, N. L., McClure, E. A., Sonne, S. C., McRae‐Clark, A. L., Sherman, B. J., & Gray, K. M. (2017) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.035 · Cited by 43
Self-citation
Pharmacotherapies for cannabis use disorder: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Bahji, A., Meyyappan, A. C., Hawken, E. R., & Tibbo, P. G. (2021) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103295 · Cited by 48
Psychosocial and pharmacological treatments for cannabis use disorder and mental health comorbidities: a narrative review
Lees, R., Hines, L. A., D’Souza, D. C., Stothart, G., Forti, M. D., Hoch, E., & Freeman, T. P. (2021) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291720005449 · Cited by 42
Cannabis and Mood Disorders
Lucatch, A. M., Coles, A. S., Hill, K. P., & George, T. P. (2018) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-018-0214-y · Cited by 40
N-acetylcysteine: A potential treatment for substance use disorders.
Tomko, R. L., Jones, J. L., Gilmore, A. K., Brady, K. T., Back, S. E., & Gray, K. M. (2018) · PubMed · Cited by 37
Self-citation
Quetiapine treatment for cannabis use disorder
Mariani, J. J., Pavlicová, M., Choi, C. J., Basaraba, C. N., Carpenter, K. M., Mahony, A. L., Brooks, D. J., Bisaga, A. M., Naqvi, N. H., Nunes, E. V., et al. (2020) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108366 · Cited by 38
Self-citation
Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome: Definition, Pathophysiology, Clinical Spectrum, Insights into Acute and Long-Term Management
Gajendran, M., Sifuentes, J., Bashashati, M., & McCallum, R. W. (2020) · Journal of Investigative Medicine · doi:10.1136/jim-2020-001564 · Cited by 38
Varenicline and nabilone in tobacco and cannabis co‐users: effects on tobacco abstinence, withdrawal and a laboratory model of cannabis relapse
Herrmann, E. S., Cooper, Z. D., Bedi, G., Ramesh, D., Collins, S. L., Comer, S. D., Foltin, R. W., & Haney, M. (2018) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.12664 · Cited by 36
Psychosocial and pharmacological interventions for the treatment of cannabis use disorder
Sabioni, P., & Le Foll, B. (2018) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.11191.1 · Cited by 37
Post-legalization changes in marijuana use in a sample of young California adults
Doran, N., Strong, D. R., Myers, M. G., Correa, J. B., & Tully, L. K. (2020) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106782 · Cited by 33
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) for methamphetamine dependence: A randomised controlled trial
McKetin, R., Dean, O. M., Turner, A., Kelly, P. J., Quinn, B., Lubman, D. I., Dietze, P., Carter, G. L., Higgs, P., Sinclair, B., et al. (2021) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101005 · Cited by 33
N-acetylcysteine in substance use disorder: a lesson from preclinical and clinical research
Smaga, I., Frankowska, M., & Filip, M. (2021) · Pharmacological Reports · doi:10.1007/s43440-021-00283-7 · Cited by 32
Guanfacine decreases symptoms of cannabis withdrawal in daily cannabis smokers
Haney, M., Cooper, Z. D., Bedi, G., Herrmann, E., Comer, S. D., Reed, S. C., Foltin, R. W., & Levin, F. R. (2019) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.12621 · Cited by 31
Self-citation
Varenicline as a treatment for cannabis use disorder: A placebo-controlled pilot trial
McRae‐Clark, A. L., Gray, K. M., Baker, N. L., Sherman, B. J., Squeglia, L. M., Sahlem, G. L., Wagner, A. M., & Tomko, R. L. (2021) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109111 · Cited by 30
Self-citation
N-acetyl cysteine in the treatment of alcohol use disorder in patients with liver disease: Rationale for further research
Morley, K. C., Baillie, A., van den Brink, W., Chitty, K. M., Brady, K. T., Back, S. E., Seth, D., Sutherland, G. T., Leggio, L., & Haber, P. (2018) · Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs · doi:10.1080/13543784.2018.1501471 · Cited by 29
Impact of cannabis legalization on treatment and research priorities for cannabis use disorder
Sahlem, G. L., Tomko, R. L., Sherman, B. J., Gray, K. M., & McRae‐Clark, A. L. (2018) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540261.2018.1465398 · Cited by 32
Self-citation
Tobacco use during cannabis cessation: Use patterns and impact on abstinence in a National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network study
McClure, E. A., Baker, N. L., Sonne, S. C., Ghitza, U. E., Tomko, R. L., Montgomery, L., Babalonis, S. L., Terry, G. E., & Gray, K. M. (2018) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.07.018 · Cited by 28
Self-citation
Chronic treatment with N -acetylcysteine decreases extinction responding and reduces cue-induced nicotine-seeking
Powell, G. L., Leyrer‐Jackson, J. M., Goenaga, J. G., Namba, M. D., Piña, J., Spencer, S. M., Stankeviciute, N. M., Schwartz, D., Allen, N. P., Franco, A. P. D., et al. (2019) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.13958 · Cited by 28
Self-citation
Depressive symptoms and cannabis use in a placebo-controlled trial of N-Acetylcysteine for adult cannabis use disorder
Tomko, R. L., Baker, N. L., Hood, C. O., Gilmore, A. K., McClure, E. A., Squeglia, L. M., McRae‐Clark, A. L., Sonne, S. C., & Gray, K. M. (2019) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-019-05384-z · Cited by 29
Self-citation
Evaluating cannabis use risk reduction as an alternative clinical outcome for cannabis use disorder.
Sherman, B. J., Sofis, M. J., Borodovsky, J. T., Gray, K. M., McRae‐Clark, A. L., & Budney, A. J. (2021) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000760 · Cited by 28
Self-citation
Effects of acute N-acetylcysteine challenge on cortical glutathione and glutamate in schizophrenia: A pilot in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
Girgis, R. R., Baker, S. C., Mao, X., Gil, R. B., Javitt, D. C., Kantrowitz, J. T., Gu, M., Spielman, D. M., Ojeil, N., Xu, X., et al. (2019) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.03.018 · Cited by 26
Sex- and Gender-Based Analysis in Cannabis Treatment Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Brabete, A. C., Greaves, L., Hemsing, N., & Stinson, J. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17030872 · Cited by 24
The neuroprotective effects of N-acetylcysteine in psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders: From modulation of glutamatergic transmission to restoration of synaptic plasticity
Chakraborty, S., Rao, S., & Tripathi, S. J. (2025) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2025.110527 · Cited by 25
Non-abstinent treatment outcomes for cannabis use disorder
LEVIN, F. R., Mariani, J. J., Choi, C. J., Basaraba, C. N., Brooks, D. J., Brezing, C., & Pavlicová, M. (2021) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108765 · Cited by 22
Self-citation
Stress- and drug-induced neuroimmune signaling as a therapeutic target for comorbid anxiety and substance use disorders
Smiley, C. E., & Wood, S. K. (2022) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108212 · Cited by 24
Psychosocial and Pharmacological Interventions for the Treatment of Cannabis Use Disorder
Sabioni, P., & Foll, B. L. (2019) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.17202 · Cited by 22
Enhanced cannabis timeline followback (EC‐TLFB): Comprehensive assessment of cannabis use including standard THC units and validation through biological measures
Petrilli, K., Lawn, W., Lees, R., Mokrysz, C., Borissova, A., Ofori, S., Trinci, K., dos Santos, R., Leitch, H., Soni, S., et al. (2023) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.16405 · Cited by 21
Treatments for Cannabis Use Disorder across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review
Ghafouri, M., da Costa, S. C., Dehnavi, A. Z., Gold, M. S., & Rummans, T. A. (2024) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci14030227 · Cited by 20
The role of depressive symptoms in treatment of adolescent cannabis use disorder with N-Acetylcysteine
Tomko, R. L., Gilmore, A. K., & Gray, K. M. (2018) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.05.014 · Cited by 21
Self-citation
N-acetylcysteine for the treatment of comorbid alcohol use disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder: Design and methodology of a randomized clinical trial
Back, S. E., Gray, K. M., Ana, E. J. S., Jones, J. L., Jarnecke, A. M., Joseph, J. E., Prisciandaro, J. J., Killeen, T. K., Brown, D. G., Taimina, L., et al. (2020) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2020.105961 · Cited by 21
Self-citation
N-acetyl cysteine in the treatment of cannabis use disorder: A systematic review of clinical trials
Sharma, R., Tikka, S. K., Bhute, A. R., & Bastia, B. K. (2022) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107283 · Cited by 19
Blunts versus joints: Cannabis use characteristics and consequences among treatment-seeking adults
Montgomery, L., McClure, E. A., Tomko, R. L., Sonne, S. C., Winhusen, T. M., Terry, G. E., Grossman, J. T., & Gray, K. M. (2019) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.01.041 · Cited by 19
Self-citation
Effectiveness of N-acetylcysteine in Treating Clinical Symptoms of Substance Abuse and Dependence: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Chang, C.-T., Hsieh, P.-J., Lee, H., Lo, C.-H., Tam, K., & Loh, E. (2021) · Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience · doi:10.9758/cpn.2021.19.2.282 · Cited by 19
Association of Cannabis Use Reduction With Improved Functional Outcomes: An Exploratory Aggregated Analysis From Seven Cannabis Use Disorder Treatment Trials to Extract Data-Driven Cannabis Reduction Metrics
McClure, E. A., Neelon, B., Tomko, R. L., Gray, K. M., McRae‐Clark, A. L., & Baker, N. L. (2024) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.20230508 · Cited by 17
Self-citation
Sustained drug delivery strategies for treatment of common substance use disorders: Promises and challenges
Tijani, A. O., Garg, J., Frempong, D., Verana, G., Kaur, J., Joga, R., Sabanis, C. D., Kumar, S., Kumar, N., & Puri, A. (2022) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.034 · Cited by 18
Pharmacotherapies for Cannabis Use Disorders: Clinical Challenges and Promising Therapeutic Agents
Nielsen, S., Sabioni, P., Gowing, L., & Foll, B. L. (2019) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/164_2019_258 · Cited by 17
Extrasynaptic therapeutic targets in substance use and stress disorders
Hodebourg, R., Kalivas, P. W., & Kruyer, A. (2021) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2021.10.006 · Cited by 16
Treatment of Adolescent Cannabis Use Disorders
Adams, Z. W., Marriott, B. R., Hulvershorn, L. A., & Hinckley, J. D. (2022) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2022.07.006 · Cited by 17
Evaluating N-acetylcysteine for early and end-of-treatment abstinence in adult cigarette smokers
McClure, E. A., Wahlquist, A. E., Tomko, R. L., Baker, N. L., Carpenter, M. J., Bradley, E., Cato, P. A., Gipson, C. D., & Gray, K. M. (2021) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108815 · Cited by 16
Self-citation
Does tobacco dependence worsen cannabis withdrawal in people with and without schizophrenia‐spectrum disorders?
Yeap, Z. J. S., Marsault, J., George, T. P., Mizrahi, R., & Rabin, R. A. (2023) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1111/ajad.13394 · Cited by 15
Integrative Pharmacology in the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders
Donlon, J., Kumari, P., Varghese, S. P., Bai, M. Y., Florentin, O. D., Frost, E. D., Banks, J., Vadlapatla, N., Kam, O., Shad, M. U., et al. (2023) · Journal of Dual Diagnosis · doi:10.1080/15504263.2023.2293854 · Cited by 15
Open-label pilot study of injectable naltrexone for cannabis dependence
Notzon, D. P., Kelly, M. A., Choi, C. J., Pavlicová, M., Mahony, A. L., Brooks, D. J., Mariani, J. J., & LEVIN, F. R. (2018) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.1080/00952990.2017.1423321 · Cited by 15
Self-citation
Care of the Patient Using Cannabis
Williams, A. R., & Hill, K. P. (2020) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/aitc202011030 · Cited by 14
Cannabinoids for the treatment of cannabis use disorder: New avenues for reaching and helping youth?
Thomsen, K. R., Thylstrup, B., Kenyon, E. A., Lees, R., Baandrup, L., Ewing, S. W. F., & Freeman, T. P. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.033 · Cited by 15
Neurogenetic and Epigenetic Aspects of Cannabinoids
Dennen, C. A., Blum, K., Bowirrat, A., Khalsa, J. H., Thanos, P. K., Baron, D. A., Badgaiyan, R. D., Gupta, A., Braverman, E. R., & Gold, M. S. (2022) · Epigenomes · doi:10.3390/epigenomes6030027 · Cited by 16
Characterizing cannabis use reduction and change in functioning during treatment: Initial steps on the path to new clinical endpoints.
Borodovsky, J. T., Sofis, M. J., Sherman, B. J., Gray, K. M., & Budney, A. J. (2022) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000817 · Cited by 14
Self-citation
Cannabis and the Current State of Treatment for Cannabis Use Disorder
Williams, A. R., & Hill, K. P. (2019) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.20180038 · Cited by 14
The Neurocircuitry of Substance Use Disorder, Treatment, and Change: A Resource for Clinical Psychiatrists
Imperio, C. G., LEVIN, F. R., & Martínez, D. (2024) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.20231023 · Cited by 15
Self-citation
When and How to Treat Possible Cannabis Use Disorder
Lévesque, A., & Foll, B. L. (2018) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2018.02.009 · Cited by 13
Biological correlates of self-reported new and continued abstinence in cannabis cessation treatment clinical trials
Baker, N. L., Gray, K. M., Sherman, B. J., Morella, K., Sahlem, G. L., Wagner, A. M., & McRae‐Clark, A. L. (2018) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.03.017 · Cited by 13
Self-citation
Pharmacotherapies for cannabis use disorder
Spiga, F., Parkhouse, T., Tang, V. M., Savović, J., Foll, B. L., & Nielsen, S. (2025) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008940.pub4 · Cited by 12
N-acetylcysteine for youth cannabis use disorder: randomized controlled trial main findings
Gray, K. M., Tomko, R. L., Baker, N. L., McClure, E. A., McRae‐Clark, A. L., & Squeglia, L. M. (2025) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-025-02061-y · Cited by 12
Self-citation
N-acetylcysteine improves impulse control and attenuates relapse-like alcohol intake in long-term drinking rats
Fredriksson, I., Jayaram‐Lindström, N., Kalivas, P. W., Melas, P. A., & Steensland, P. (2022) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114089 · Cited by 13
Effects of Inhaled Tobacco and Cannabis Co-Use on Respiratory Health and Tobacco Cessation: An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement
McClure, E. A., Piper, M. E., Alexander, L. E. C., Burnham, E. L., Freeman, T. P., Galiatsatos, P., Lang, A. E., Lee, D. C., Leone, F. T., Melzer, A. C., et al. (2025) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.202507-1792st · Cited by 11
Self-citation
Comparing adult cannabis treatment-seekers enrolled in a clinical trial with national samples of cannabis users in the United States
McClure, E. A., King, J. S., Wahle, A., Matthews, A. G., Sonne, S. C., Lofwall, M. R., McRae‐Clark, A. L., Ghitza, U. E., Martínez, M., Cloud, K., et al. (2017) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.02.024 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
Who responds to a multi‐component treatment for cannabis use disorder? Using multivariable and machine learning models to classify treatment responders and non‐responders
Tomko, R. L., Wolf, B. J., McClure, E. A., Carpenter, M. J., Magruder, K. M., Squeglia, L. M., & Gray, K. M. (2023) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.16226 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Effect of N-acetylcysteine on craving in substance use disorders (SUD): a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Cuocina, M., Aiello, G., Cutrufelli, P., Rampello, M., Rapisarda, L., Rodolico, A., Cantarella, G., Signorelli, M. S., & Bernardini, R. (2024) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1462612 · Cited by 9
Management of withdrawal from alcohol and other drugs
Lintzeris, N., Sunjic, S., Demirkol, A., Branezac, M., Ezard, N., Siefried, K. J., Acheson, L. S., Bascombe, F., Tremonti, C., & Haber, P. (2019) · doi:10.57022/mjjp9930 · Cited by 9
The therapeutic effect of N‐acetylcysteine as an add‐on to methadone maintenance therapy medication in outpatients with substance use disorders: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Padoei, F., Mamsharifi, P., Hazegh, P., Boroumand, H., Ostadmohammady, F., Abbaszadeh‐Mashkani, S., Banafshe, H. R., Matini, A. H., Ghaderi, A., & Dehkohneh, S. G. (2022) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.2823 · Cited by 8
Suicidality as a Predictor of Overdose among Patients with Substance Use Disorders
Horigian, V. E., Schmidt, R. D., Shmueli‐Blumberg, D., Hefner, K. R., Feinberg, J., Kondapaka, R., Feaster, D. J., Duan, R., Gonzalez, S. T., Davis, C., et al. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11216400 · Cited by 10
The Impacts of Adolescent Cannabinoid Exposure on Striatal Anxiety- and Depressive-Like Pathophysiology Are Prevented by the Antioxidant N-Acetylcysteine
Felice, M. D., Szkudlarek, H. J., Uzuneser, T. C., Rodríguez-Ruiz, M., Sarikahya, M. H., Pusparajah, M., Lazo, J. P. G., Whitehead, S. N., Yeung, K. K. ‐., Rushlow, W. J., et al. (2024) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100361 · Cited by 8
Exploring Novel Pharmacotherapy Candidates for Cannabis Use Disorder: Uncovering Promising Agents on the Horizon by Mechanism of Action
Alayoubi, M., Henry, B. A., Cahill, C. M., & Cooper, Z. D. (2024) · Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40265-024-02098-1 · Cited by 7
Analysis of female enrollment in clinical trials for alcohol and substance use disorders: Is it time for sex-informed pharmacotherapy?
Montemitro, C., Cavallotto, C., Giovannetti, G., Martino, F., Pasino, A., Vicinelli, M. C., Fraticelli, S., Giannantonio, M. D., & Spagnolo, P. A. (2022) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2022.106784 · Cited by 7
Unraveling the Hippocampal Molecular and Cellular Alterations behind Tramadol and Tapentadol Neurobehavioral Toxicity
Soares-Cardoso, C., Leal, S. M., Sá, S. I., Dantas-Barros, R., Dinis‐Oliveira, R. J., Faria, J., & Barbosa, J. (2024) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph17060796 · Cited by 6
Mood, sleep and pain comorbidity outcomes in cannabis dependent patients: Findings from a nabiximols versus placebo randomised controlled trial
Montebello, M. E., Jefferies, M., Mills, L., Bruno, R., Copeland, J., McGregor, I. S., Rivas, C., Jackson, M. A., Silsbury, C., Dunlop, A. J., et al. (2022) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109388 · Cited by 6
Cannabis Use Disorder as a Developmental Disorder
Tomko, R. L., Williamson, A. N., McRae‐Clark, A. L., & Gray, K. M. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-90365-1_18 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
A placebo-controlled, randomised pilot trial of N-acetylcysteine or placebo for cessation of tobacco smoking
Arancini, L., Mohebbi, M., Berk, M., Dean, O. M., Bortolasci, C. C., Spolding, B., Zazula, R., & Dodd, S. (2021) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.10.002 · Cited by 6
Correlates of lifetime blunt/spliff use among cigarette smokers in substance use disorders treatment
CAMPBELL, B. K., Le, T. L., Kapiteni, K., Gubner, N. R., & Guydish, J. R. (2020) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108064 · Cited by 6
Race, psychosocial characteristics, and treatment outcomes among individuals undergoing treatment for cannabis use disorder: A latent profile analysis based on preferred method of using cannabis
Ullrich, H. S., Torbati, A., Fan, W., Arbona, C., Cano, M. Á., Essa, S., Harvey, L., Vaughan, E. L., & de Dios, M. A. (2021) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108561 · Cited by 5
Advancements in addressing drug dependence: A review of promising therapeutic strategies and interventions
Guida, C. R., Maia, J. M., Ferreira, L. F. R., Rahdar, A., Branco, L. G. S., & Soriano, R. N. (2024) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111070 · Cited by 6
The Treatment of Cannabis Use Disorder
Danovitch, I., & Gorelick, D. A. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-54856-4.00007-9 · Cited by 5
Mechanistic Effects and Use of N-acetylcysteine in Substance Use Disorders
Greenberg, N. R., Farhadi, F., Kazer, B., Potenza, M. N., & Angarita, G. A. (2022) · Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s40473-022-00250-3 · Cited by 7
A Randomized Controlled Trial of N-acetylcysteine for Adolescent and Young Adult Alcohol Use Disorder
Squeglia, L. M., Tomko, R. L., Baker, N. L., Kirkland, A. E., McClure, E. A., & Gray, K. M. (2025) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2025.09.025 · Cited by 5
Self-citation
Unravelling the landscape of Cannabis craving pharmacological treatments: a PRISMA-guided review of evidence
Preto, M. C., Kortas, G. T., Blaas, I. K., Lassi, D. L. S., Campos, M. W., Torales, J. C., Ventriglio, A., Périco, C. D. A.-M., de Andrade, A. G., & Castaldelli-Maia, J. M. (2023) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540261.2023.2231540 · Cited by 4
Treatment of Adolescent Cannabis Use Disorders
Adams, Z. W., Marriott, B. R., Hulvershorn, L. A., & Hinckley, J. D. (2023) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2023.03.004 · Cited by 4
Addiction and Liver Disease: Exploring the Complex Relationship and Implications for Clinical Management
Hudson, D., Howarth, N., Idalsoaga, F. J., Song, Y. N., Islam, A. H., Theiventhiran, S., Díaz, L. A., & Arab, J. P. (2024) · Current Hepatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11901-024-00630-1 · Cited by 4
Pharmacological Treatment of Substance Use Disorders
Srivastava, A. B., LEVIN, F. R., & Nunes, E. V. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-42825-9_140-1 · Cited by 4
Self-citation
Beyond abstinence: Redefining success in cannabis use disorder treatment
Atkin, T., LEVIN, F. R., MARIANI, J., & Brezing, C. (2026) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.70517 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Determining the impact of cannabis use and severity on tobacco cessation outcomes: study protocol for a prospective tobacco treatment trial
Walters, K. J., Baker, N. L., Tomko, R. L., Gray, K. M., Carpenter, M. J., & McClure, E. A. (2023) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-023-01060-2 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
The Cannabis-Psychosis Spectrum: Clinical Manifestations, Conversion Risk, and Therapeutic Strategies
Ricci, V. (2025) · Clinical Neuropsychopharmacology and Addiction · doi:10.53941/cna.2025.100004 · Cited by 3

Authors: Gray, K. M., Sonne, S. C., McClure, E. A., Ghitza, U. E., Matthews, A. G., McRae-Clark, A. L., Carroll, K. M., Potter, J. S., Wiest, K., Mooney, L. J., Hasson, A., Walsh, S. L., Lofwall, M. R., Babalonis, S., Lindblad, R. W., Sparenborg, S., Wahle, A., King, J. S., Baker, N. L., Tomko, R. L., Haynes, L. F., Vandrey, R. G., & Levin, F. R.
Affiliations: Medical University of South Carolina (US)
National Institutes of Health (US)
Emmes (United States) (US)
Yale University (US)
The University of Texas at San Antonio (US)
University of California, Los Angeles (US)
University of Kentucky (US)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (US)
Johns Hopkins University (US)
Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author: Gray, Kevin M.
ORCID: Gray, Kevin M.
McClure, Erin A.
Ghitza, Udi E.
Matthews, Abigail G.
Carroll, Kathleen M.
Potter, Jennifer S.
Wiest, Katharina
Mooney, Larissa J.
Walsh, Sharon L.
Lofwall, Michelle R.
Babalonis, Shanna
Baker, Nathaniel L.
Tomko, Rachel L.
Haynes, Louise F.
Vandrey, Ryan G.
Levin, Frances R.
Venue: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2017-08
Volume: 177
Pages: 249-257
ISSN: 0376-8716 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.04.020
PMC: PMC5535813
OpenAlex: W2624100118
Cited by: 157
References: 35
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 6
FWCI: 12.85
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Drug and Alcohol Dependence (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
UKnowledge (University of Kentucky) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (UG1DA013727, UG1DA015831, UG1DA020024, UG1DA013714, UG1DA013732, U10DA013045, HHSN271201200017C)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
Keywords: cannabis use disorder, N-acetylcysteine, contingency management, medication adherence, cannabis abstinence, adolescents versus adults, treatment-seeking patients
MeSH terms: Acetylcysteine, Adolescent, Adult, Cannabis, Marijuana Abuse, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Marijuana Smoking, Sulpiride, Free Radical Scavengers, Treatment Outcome, Medication Adherence, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

A randomized placebo-controlled trial of N-acetylcysteine for cannabis use disorder in adults.

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks