Gross morphological changes of placentas associated with intrauterine growth restriction of fetuses: A case control study
Abstract
The present study aimed to throw light to any gross morphological changes of placenta that might contribute to the development of idiopathic IUGR. Gross examination of placentas from full-term uncomplicated pregnancies delivering singleton live IUGR babies, and live normal-weight babies (controls) were performed; then the results were compared. Fifty full-term freshly delivered placentas were collected both from normal deliveries and C.S. Twenty-eight (28) placentas were associated with IUGR and twenty-two (22) were from controls. The positions of insertion of the umbilical cords, placental weights, volumes and diameters were noted. These gross examinations revealed that the control placentas were bigger in diameters, had usual positions of insertion of umbilical cords, mean placental weight was 416.77 gm and mean placental volume was 343.86 ml. In cases of IUGR placentas, there were some abnormal positions of insertion of umbilical cords in 11% placentas (marginal in 7.14% and velamentous in 3.57%), and placental weight and volume was significantly lower (p value<0.001). The placentas associated with IUGR were smaller in diameters than those of control group of placentas. The mean placental co-efficient of IUGR group in the present study was 0.156 (range 0.11-0.22) and that of the control group was 0.138 (range 0.12-0.18). The greater placental co-efficient in IUGR indicates that although both placentas and babies in IUGR had less weight, placental sizes were not relatively less. In fact, these placentas were functional, and even tried to compensate the abnormal morphology. Therefore, though IUGR fetuses were more frequently associated with morphologically abnormal placentas, it could not be conclusively decided whether this abnormal gross morphology actually contributed to the intrauterine growth restriction.
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Abnormalities in gross placental development are linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction.
“Mounting evidence [1,2,3] has linked abnormalities in gross placental development to such outcomes.”
From Fully Automated Placental Volume Quantification From<scp>3D</scp>Ultrasound for Prediction of Small‐for‐Gestational‐Age Infants (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
Placental size and shape are significantly associated with perinatal outcomes and fetal programming.
“Researchers have observed that placental size and shape are significantly associated with perinatal outcomes and fetal programming. 1 -3”
From Minimally interactive placenta segmentation from three-dimensional ultrasound images (2020) · cites this paper as [2]
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- Authors
- Biswas, S., & Ghosh, S. K.
- Affiliations
- Calcutta National Medical College and Hospital (IN)
- Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Biswas, Sharmistha
- Venue
- Early Human Development
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-06
- Volume
- 84
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 357-362
- ISSN
- 0378-3782 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2075887586
- Cited by
- 76
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Early Human Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Preterm Birth and Chorioamnionitis
- Keywords
- fetal growth restriction, placental morphology, placental weight, placental volume, umbilical cord insertion, marginal cord insertion, velamentous cord insertion, placental function, term pregnancy
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Fetal Growth Retardation, Gestational Age, Humans, Organ Size, Placenta, Pregnancy, Case-Control Studies, Fetal Weight
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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