Metabolic abnormalities: triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein
Abstract
Increased plasma triglyceride and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are key features of the metabolic syndrome. Although elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is not an integral characteristic of this syndrome, there is commonly an increase in the proportion of small, dense low-density lipoprotein particles. Together, these abnormalities constitute the atherogenic dyslipidemia of the metabolic syndrome. This article reviews the pathophysiology of altered triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein metabolism in the metabolic syndrome, outlines the relationship of these lipoprotein abnormalities to increased risk of coronary heart disease,and highlights the application of this information to clinical practice. The role of reduced high-density lipoprotein in the metabolic syndrome is discussed elsewhere in this issue.
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Increased levels of LDL-cholesterol are clearly associated with increased risk of CVD.
“On the other hand, increased levels of LDL-cholesterol are clearly associated with increased risk of CVD (18,19)”
From Effects of low-carbohydrate diets<i>v</i>. low-fat diets on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (2016) · cites this paper as [19]
The alteration of the LDL-cholesterol phenotype from small dense LDL to greater LDL has been associated with reduced atherogenicity.
“In addition, the associated alteration of the LDL-cholesterol phenotype from small dense LDL to greater LDL has been associated with reduced atherogenicity (18,19)”
From Effects of low-carbohydrate diets<i>v</i>. low-fat diets on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (2016) · cites this paper as [19]
Increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis resulting in hypertriglyceridemia can explain the lower HDL levels in the insulin-resistant subjects through cholesteryl ester transfer protein-mediated exchange of VLDL triglycerides for HDL cholesterol, leading to triglyceride-rich, cholesterol-depleted HDL particles that are cleared more rapidly.
“Second, increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis resulting in hypertriglyceridemia also can explain the lower HDL levels in the insulin-resistant subjects by the following mechanism”
From The role of skeletal muscle insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome (2007) · cites this paper as [15]
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- Authors
- Krauss, R. M., & Siri, P. W.
- ORCID
- Krauss, Ronald M
- Venue
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-06
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 405-415
- ISSN
- 0889-8529 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2076395750
- Cited by
- 102
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipid metabolism and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Keywords
- metabolic syndrome, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, small dense LDL, atherogenic dyslipidemia, HDL cholesterol, coronary heart disease risk, lipoprotein metabolism, pathophysiology
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Lipoproteins, LDL, Triglycerides, Metabolic Syndrome
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