Impact of CaO, fly ash, sulfur and Na2S on the (im) mobilization and phytoavailability of Cd, Cu and Pb in contaminated soil
Abstract
Soil heavy metals pollution is a serious problem worldwide due to its potential human health risks through food chain. Therefore, a sustainable solution is needed to efficiently remediate HMs contaminated soils. Our study aimed to assess the impact of CaO, fly ash, sulfur, and Na 2 S on the immobilization of Cd, Cu, and Pb and their uptake by Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa chinensis) in a contaminated soil. The concentration of DTPA-extractable Cd, Cu, and Pb was significantly decreased as compared to control in treated soil. However, the solubility of Cd, Cu, and Pb has increased at greater extent in soil system which favored the uptake of metals in roots and shoots of Chinese cabbage. In general, Cd uptake was significantly increased in shoots followed by roots as compared to control. In addition, Cu has also same trend of increased uptake in shoots as compared to roots. However, the uptake Pb in shoots was considerably increased in Na 2 S treated samples whereas roots have shown great potential for Pb uptake in CaO treated samples as compared to control. Although, sulfur treatments had efficiently immobilized metals but reduced soil pH to highly acidic level which restricted the growth of Chinese cabbage in sulfur treated samples. We assume that sulfur amendment could be applied for immobilization of metals in alkaline soils rather than acidic soils to achieve better immobilization results. In order to achieve sustainable phytoextraction of Cd, Cu, and Pb using CaO, FA, and Na 2 S, the non-edible hyperaccumulators species are suggested to be investigated in future studies.
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Applying coal fly ash immobilized 88%-94% of DTPA-extractable Cd in a pot experiment with soil polluted by zinc smelters and mining.
“Mahar et al. (2016) observed 88%-94% immobilization of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) extractable Cd in a pot experiment conducted with a soil polluted by zinc smelters and mining.”
From Soil amendments for immobilization of potentially toxic elements in contaminated soils: A critical review (2020) · cites this paper as Mahar et al., 2016
A PTE contaminated soil amended with coal fly ash showed 74%-78% and 74%-84% reduction in DTPA-extractable Cu and Pb respectively.
“A PTE contaminated soil amended with coal fly ash showed 74%-78% and 74%-84% reduction in DTPA-extractable Cu and Pb respectively (Mahar et al., 2016).”
From Soil amendments for immobilization of potentially toxic elements in contaminated soils: A critical review (2020) · cites this paper as Mahar et al., 2016
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- Authors
- Mahar, A., Wang, P., Ali, A., Guo, Z., Awasthi, M. K., Lahori, A. H., Wang, Q., Shen, F., Li, R., & Zhang, Z.
- Affiliations
- University of Sindh (PK)
- Northwest A&F University (CN)
- Amicable Knowledge Solution University (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Zhang, Zengqiang
- ORCID
- Venue
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-12
- Volume
- 134
- Pages
- 116-123
- ISSN
- 0147-6513 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2508270731
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8
- FWCI
- 4.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Chinese Government Heavy Metals Pollution Control Special Fund (ZWFZ-20120536)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Heavy metals in environment
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Environmental and Analytical Chemistry Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
- Keywords
- heavy metal immobilization, phytoextraction, cadmium, copper, lead, soil remediation, calcium oxide, fly ash, sulfur amendment, sodium sulfide, Chinese cabbage, Brassica chinensis, metal uptake, soil pH, DTPA-extractable metals, alkaline soils
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