What drives the erasure of protected areas? Evidence from across the Brazilian Amazon
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Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Protected area downgrading, downsizing and degazettement have been common to legalize 'facts on the ground' in the Amazon.
“Protected area downgrading, downsizing and degazettement have been common to legalize”
From Beyond the “supply chain” framing: Cattle ranching as a vanishing mediator of deforestation and dispossession in the Brazilian and Colombian Amazon (2026) · cites this paper as Keles et al., 2020
Cites
A Practitioner’s Guide to Cluster-Robust Inference
Colin Cameron, A., & Miller, D. L. (2015) · Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.3368/jhr.50.2.317 · Cited by 5,037 · cited 1× · see citing works
“We have 9 clusters, not enough to guarantee consistent estimates of standard errors (Cameron and Miller, 2015), yet we cannot rely a on non-parametric bootstrap (Esarey and Menger, 2018) because we don’t have enough variations within each cluster. add less damage.”
BackgroundThe performance and potential of protected areas
Watson, J. E. M., Dudley, N., Segan, D. B., & Hockings, M. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13947 · Cited by 2,397 · see citing works
Soares-Filho, B., Rajão, R., Macedo, M., Carneiro, A., Costa, W., Coe, M., Rodrigues, H., & Alencar, A. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1246663 · Cited by 1,133 · see citing works
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Protected areas still used to produce brazil’s cattle
West, T. A. P., Rausch, L., Munger, J., & Gibbs, H. K. (2022) · Conservation Letters · doi:10.1111/conl.12916 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Bastos Lima, M. G., & López, J. (2026) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2026.107532
- Authors
- Keles, D., Delacote, P., Pfaff, A., Qin, S., & Mascia, M. B.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Duke University (US)
- Conservation International (US)
- Corresponding author
- Keles, Derya
- Venue
- Ecological Economics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-10
- Volume
- 176
- Pages
- 106733
- ISSN
- 0921-8009 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3035976394
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 10
- FWCI
- 2.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Ecological Economics (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-11-LABX-0002)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Forest Management and Policy
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Socioeconomics of Resources and Conservation
- Keywords
- protected areas, conservation effectiveness, forest protection, travel cost, road access, enforcement, Brazilian Amazon, conservation-development conflict
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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