Continuing EGFR inhibition beyond progression in advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Abstract
The majority of patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) respond to first-line EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), but nearly all inevitably acquire resistance and develop disease progression. Conventional practice would be to switch treatments to second-line therapy. However, continuing TKIs beyond progression is becoming increasingly commonplace in patients with indolent, small volume asymptomatic growth, who may potentially continue to derive ongoing clinical benefit and to avoid a 'withdrawal tumour flare'. Nevertheless, there are limitations to our current criteria for assessing disease response, which are based on radiological assessments without considering symptomatic benefit, or the complex molecular and clinical heterogeneity of tumour growth and drug response patterns. In this article, we review the rationale for continuing EGFR inhibitors in patients with EGFR mutant NSCLC beyond disease progression and discuss strategies that have been pursued in the context of molecularly and clinically heterogeneous populations of tumour growth depending on the different clinical scenarios encountered. We discuss the management of systemic disease progression, including continuing EGFR TKIs alone, introducing a drug holiday, or combining TKIs with chemotherapy or other molecularly targeted agents. We also focus on approaches in managing patients with indolent, small volume asymptomatic growth (non-CNS oligometastatic disease progression) and those with oligometastatic EGFR mutant NSCLC with involvement of the central nervous system. We envision future precision medicine strategies through the use of next generation sequencing strategies of serial tumour rebiopsies and circulating plasma DNA to individualise the management for such patients during disease progression.
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Continuation of EGFR TKI treatment beyond radiological progression may help maintain clinical benefit for some patients with acquired resistance to first-line EGFR TKIs.
“continuation of EGFR TKI treatment beyond radiological progression may help maintain clinical benefit for some patients with acquired resistance to first-line EGFR TKIs.”
From Afatinib for the treatment of <i>EGFR</i> mutation-positive NSCLC: A review of clinical findings (2020) · cites this paper as [110]
Continuation of TKI beyond progression is supported by previous reports of patients with indolent and small-volume progression benefiting from continuation.
“Nevertheless, the practice of continuation of TKI beyond progression is supported by previous reports of patients with indolent and small volume progression benefiting from continuation of TKIs[15, 29].”
From Landscape of EGFR-Dependent and -Independent Resistance Mechanisms to Osimertinib and Continuation Therapy Beyond Progression in <i>EGFR</i> -Mutant NSCLC (2018) · cites this paper as [29]
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Flagged first, then by citations
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- Authors
- Yap, T. A., Macklin-Doherty, A., & Popat, S.
- Affiliations
- Institute of Cancer Research (GB)
- Royal Marsden Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Popat, Sanjay
- Venue
- European Journal of Cancer
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-01
- Volume
- 70
- Pages
- 12-21
- ISSN
- 0959-8049 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2554087867
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8
- FWCI
- 1.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Cancer (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at The Royal Marsden
- ICR
- Academy of Medical Sciences
- British Lung Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Lung Cancer Treatments and Mutations
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › HER2/EGFR in Cancer Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
- Keywords
- EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, disease progression, drug holidays, oligometastatic disease, central nervous system metastasis, liquid biopsy, precision medicine
- MeSH terms
- Antineoplastic Agents, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Humans, Lung Neoplasms, Disease Progression, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Protein Kinase Inhibitors, Molecular Targeted Therapy, ErbB Receptors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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