The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia: further examination of psychometric properties in patients with chronic low back pain and fibromyalgia
Abstract
The present study attempted to replicate the robustness of a two‐factor model of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) in chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients and fibromyalgia patients, by means of confirmatory factor analysis. Construct and predictive validity of the TSK subscales were also examined. Results clearly indicated that a two‐factor model fitted best in both pain samples. These two factors were labelled somatic focus, which reflects the belief in underlying and serious medical problems, and activity avoidance, which reflects the belief that activity may result in (re)injury or increased pain. Construct validity of the TSK and its subscales was supported by moderate correlation coefficients with self‐report measures of pain‐related fear, pain catastrophising, and disability, predominantly in patients with CLBP. Predictive validity was supported by moderate correlation coefficients with performance on physical performance tests (i.e., lifting tasks, bicycle task) mainly in CLBP patients. Implications of the results are discussed and directions for future research are provided.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“It has been reported to be a reliable and valid measure of fear of movement in individuals with chronic pain [54].”
Citations
Cites
Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix.
Campbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. (1959) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0046016 · Cited by 17,116
The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Development and validation.
Sullivan, M. J. L., Bishop, S. R., & Pivik, J. (1995) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037//1040-3590.7.4.524 · Cited by 8,227
Fear-avoidance and its consequences in chronic musculoskeletal pain: a state of the art.
Vlaeyen, J. W. S., & Linton, S. J. (2000) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00242-0 · Cited by 4,931
Self-citationWaddell, G., Newton, M., Henderson, I., Somerville, D., & Main, C. J. (1993) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(93)90127-b · Cited by 3,167
Fear of movement/(re)injury in chronic low back pain and its relation to behavioral performance
Vlaeyen, J. W. S., Kole-Snijders, A. M. J., Boeren, R. G. B., & van Eek, H. (1995) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(94)00279-n · Cited by 2,446
Self-citationThe Scientific Use of Factor Analysis in Behavioral and Life Sciences
Cattell, R. B. (1978) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-2262-7 · Cited by 2,165
Crombez, G., Vlaeyen, J. W. S., Heuts, P. H. T. G., & Lysens, R. (1999) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(98)00229-2 · Cited by 1,675
Self-citationByrne, B. M. (1989) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-8885-2 · Cited by 1,488
Outline of a fear-avoidance model of exaggerated pain perception--I.
Lethem, J., Slade, P. D., Troup, J. D. G., & Bentley, G. (1983) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(83)90009-8 · Cited by 1,327
The pain anxiety symptoms scale: development and validation of a scale to measure fear of pain
McCracken, L. M., Zayfert, C., & Gross, R. T. (1992) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(92)90113-p · Cited by 950
The role of fear of movement/(re)injury in pain disability
Vlaeyen, J. W. S., Kole-Snijders, A. M. J., Rotteveel, A. M., Ruesink, R., & Heuts, P. H. T. G. (1995) · Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation · doi:10.1007/bf02109988 · Cited by 730
Self-citationMiller, R. P., Kori, S. H., & Todd, D. D. (1991) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/00002508-199103000-00053 · Cited by 670
The Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale
Kopec, J. A., Esdaile, J. M., Abrahamowicz, M., Abenhaim, L., Wood-Dauphinée, S., Lamping, D. L., & Williams, J. I. (1995) · Spine · doi:10.1097/00007632-199502000-00016 · Cited by 660
The disability rating index: An instrument for the assessment of disability in clinical settings
Salen, B. A., Nygren, E. V. S. L., & Nordemar, R. (1994) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(94)90086-8 · Cited by 382
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia
Goubert, L., Crombez, G., Damme, S. V., Vlaeyen, J. W. S., Bijttebier, P., & Roelofs, J. (2004) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/00002508-200403000-00007 · Cited by 316
Self-citationAttention and somatic awareness in chronic pain
Eccleston, C., Crombez, G., Aldrich, S., & Stannard, C. (1997) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(97)00030-4 · Cited by 249
Self-citationThe assessment of anxiety and fear in persons with chronic pain: A comparison of instruments
Mccracken, L. M., Gross, R. T., Aikens, J., & Carnrike, C. L. M. (1996) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(96)00057-5 · Cited by 232
Fear of movement/(re)injury, disability and participation in acute low back pain
Swinkels-Meewisse, I. E. J., Roelofs, J., Verbeek, A. L. M., Oostendorp, R. A. B., & Vlaeyen, J. W. S. (2003) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(03)00255-0 · Cited by 202
Self-citationAvoidance and Confrontation of Painful, Back-Straining Movements in Chronic Back Pain Patients
Crombez, G., Vervaet, L., Lysens, R., Baeyens, F., & Eelen, P. (1998) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/01454455980221004 · Cited by 195
Self-citationVlaeyen, J. W. S., Seelen, H. A. M., Peters, M. L., de Jong, P. J., Aretz, E., Beisiegel, E., & Weber, W. E. J. (1999) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00054-8 · Cited by 188
Self-citationChronic pain and functional impairment: assessing beliefs about their relationship.
Riley, J. F., Ahern, D. K., & Follick, M. J. (1988) · PubMed · Cited by 187
Attention to chronic pain is dependent upon pain-related fear
Crombez, G., Eccleston, C., Baeyens, F., Van Houdenhove, B., & Van Den Broeck, A. (1999) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(99)00046-x · Cited by 170
Self-citationPeters, M. L., Vlaeyen, J. W. S., & van Drunen, C. (2000) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(00)00259-1 · Cited by 158
Self-citationActivity Avoidance and Function in Persons with Chronic Back Pain
Geisser, M. E., Haig, A. J., & Theisen, M. E. (2000) · Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation · doi:10.1023/a:1026666403039 · Cited by 148
Pain-related anxiety predicts non-specific physical complaints in persons with chronic pain
McCracken, L. M., Faber, S. D., & Janeck, A. S. (1998) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(97)10039-0 · Cited by 119
Koho, P. (2001) · Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.1080/165019701750165970 · Cited by 67
The use of positively and negatively phrased items and the fit of a factor solution
Maassen, G. H. (1991) · Quality & Quantity · doi:10.1007/bf00138759 · Cited by 8
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Clark M.E., 1996, Kinesiophobia and chronic pain: psychometric characteristics and factor analysis of the Tampa Scale, Am. Pain Soc. Abstr., 77
- Jöreskog KG, 1999, LISREL 8.30
- 10.1037/1040-3590.7.4.524 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Psychometric properties of the TSK-11: A shortened version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia
Woby, S. R., Roach, N. K., Urmston, M., & Watson, P. J. (2005) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2005.05.029 · Cited by 923
“Back pain patients who exhibit higher levels of pain- related fear report higher levels of pain (Roelofs et al., 2004a; Vlaeyen et al., 1995), greater levels of disability (Crombez et al., 1999; Grotle et al., 2004; McCracken et al., 1996; Waddell et al., 1993; Woby et al., 2004a), and perform less…”
BackgroundLuque-Suarez, A., Martinez-Calderon, J., & Falla, D. (2019) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-098673 · Cited by 546
Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK)
Gómez-Pérez, L., López-Martínez, A. E., & Ruiz-Párraga, G. T. (2011) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2010.08.004 · Cited by 418
“It is also a strongpredictorofdisability(18,42,43)andpoorperformance on several physical tests.(8,31,43,44) However, the content validity of the TSK has been questioned, as factor analyses have yielded inconsistent findings regarding the number of factors and the items that comprise them.”
BackgroundMethodAssessment of Psychosocial and Functional Impact of Chronic Pain
Turk, D. C., Fillingim, R. B., Ohrbach, R., & Patel, K. V. (2016) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2016.02.006 · Cited by 350
French, D. J., France, C. R., Vigneau, F., French, J. A., & Evans, T. R. (2006) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.07.016 · Cited by 358
“All rights reserved. pain (Vlaeyen et al., 1995; Goubert et al., 2004; Roelofs et al., 2004), acute back pain (Swinkels-Meewisse et al., 2003a,b), osteoarthritis (Heuts et al., 2004), and fibromyalgia (Goubert et al., 2004; Roelofs et al., 2004).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Roelofs, J., Goubert, L., Peters, M. L., Vlaeyen, J. W. S., & Crombez, G.
- Affiliations
- Maastricht University (NL)
- Ghent University (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Roelofs, Jeffrey
- Venue
- European Journal of Pain
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-10
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 495-502
- ISSN
- 1090-3801 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-2149
- OpenAlex
- W2102230060
- Cited by
- 472
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 5.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Pain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Keywords
- Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, kinesiophobia, chronic low back pain, fibromyalgia, psychometric properties, two-factor model, somatic focus, activity avoidance, pain catastrophizing, disability, physical performance, fear-avoidance beliefs
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Adult, Chronic Disease, Disability Evaluation, Fear, Female, Fibromyalgia, Humans, Kinesthesis, Male, Middle Aged, Movement, Neuropsychological Tests, Pain Measurement, Phobic Disorders, Physical Fitness, Predictive Value of Tests, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reproducibility of Results, Low Back Pain
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
