Modulation of Oral Morphine Antinociceptive Tolerance and Naloxone-Precipitated Withdrawal Signs by Oral Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated a functional interaction between cannabinoid and opioid systems in the development and expression of morphine tolerance and dependence. In these experiments, we examined the effect of a low oral dose of Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta 9-THC) on the development of oral morphine tolerance and the expression of naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal signs of jumping and diarrhea in ICR mice. Chronic treatment with high-dose oral morphine produced a 3.12-fold antinociceptive tolerance. Tolerance to morphine was prevented in groups receiving a daily cotreatment with a nonanalgetic dose (20 mg/kg p.o.) of Delta 9-THC, except when challenged with a very high dose of morphine. The chronic coadministration of low-dose Delta 9-THC also reduced naloxone-precipitated (1 mg/kg s.c.) platform jumping by 50% but did not reduce diarrhea. In separate experiments, mice treated chronically with high-dose morphine p.o. were not cross-tolerant to Delta 9-THC; in fact, these morphine-tolerant mice were more sensitive to the acute antinociceptive effects of Delta 9-THC. Delta 9-THC (20 mg/kg p.o.) also reduced naloxone-precipitated jumping but not diarrhea when administered acutely to morphine-tolerant mice. These results represent the first evidence that oral morphine tolerance and dependence can be circumvented by coadministration of a nonanalgetic dose of Delta 9-THC p.o. In summary, cotreatment with a combination of morphine and Delta 9-THC may prove clinically beneficial in that long-term morphine efficacy is maintained.
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Administration of a low dose of THC in combination with morphine prevents tolerance to morphine in the tail flick assay for acute pain.
“Further, administration of a low dose of THC in combination with morphine prevents tolerance to morphine in the tail flick assay for acute pain (Cichewicz and Welch, 2003).”
From The endogenous cannabinoid system: a budding source of targets for treating inflammatory and neuropathic pain (2018) · cites this paper as Cichewicz and Welch, 2003
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- Authors
- Cichewicz, D. L., & Welch, S. P.
- Affiliations
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-06
- Volume
- 305
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 812-817
- ISSN
- 0022-3565 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2138954299
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 2.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5k02da000186-09)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA 07027, DA 05274, K02 DA-00186, T32DA007027)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Opioid Use
- Keywords
- morphine tolerance, naloxone-precipitated withdrawal, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, opioid-cannabinoid interaction, opioid use disorder, antinociception, diarrhea, cross-tolerance, chronic morphine administration, oral administration
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Oral, Analgesics, Analgesics, Opioid, Animals, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Tolerance, Hallucinogens, Male, Mice, Inbred ICR, Morphine, Morphine Dependence, Naloxone, Narcotic Antagonists, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Dronabinol, Mice
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