Gonadal hormone modulation of the behavioral effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in male and female rats
Abstract
Female rats are more sensitive than males to many behavioral effects of cannabinoids. The purpose of the present study was to determine if sex differences in the antinociceptive and motoric effects of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are due to activational effects of gonadal steroid hormones. THC-induced antinociception (tail withdrawal, paw pressure tests) and motoric effects (horizontal locomotion, catalepsy) were compared in male and female gonadectomized rats that were chronically treated with hormone (testosterone in males, estradiol in females) vs. those that were gonadectomized and had no hormone replacement. THC's effects were also compared between gonadally intact females tested during vaginal estrus vs. diestrus. THC (5 and 10 mg/kg i.p.) produced very similar antinociceptive effects in no-hormone vs. testosterone-treated males, but significantly less locomotor suppression in testosterone-treated males than those with no hormone replacement. In gonadectomized females, estradiol enhanced THC's antinociceptive but not motoric effects. In gonadally intact, cycling females, 5 mg/kg THC produced slightly to significantly greater behavioral effects in estrous than in diestrous females. These results suggest that sex differences in THC-induced behavioral effects in the adult rat can be attributed to activational effects of testosterone in males and/or estradiol in females.
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Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol's efficacy on tail withdrawal and paw pressure tests in rats is enhanced by estradiol.
“whereas Craft and Leitl [13] found that Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol’s efficacy on tail withdrawal and paw pressure tests in rats is enhanced by estradiol.”
From Endocannabinoid involvement in endometriosis. (2010) · cites this paper as [13]
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- Authors
- Craft, R. M., & Leitl, M. D.
- Affiliations
- Washington State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Craft, Rebecca M.
- Venue
- European Journal of Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-01
- Volume
- 578
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 37-42
- ISSN
- 0014-2999 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1992980559
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- European Journal of Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Keywords
- delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinoids, sex differences, gonadal hormones, testosterone, estradiol, gonadectomy, antinociception, catalepsy, locomotor suppression, estrous cycle, diestrus, male rats, female rats
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Catalepsy, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Estradiol, Female, Male, Motor Activity, Orchiectomy, Ovariectomy, Pain, Pain Measurement, Sex Factors, Testosterone, Dronabinol, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Analgesics, Non-Narcotic, Estrous Cycle, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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