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Are smart city projects catalyzing urban energy sustainability?
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the links between smart cities and urban energy sustainability. Because achieving a “smart city” is a wide agenda rather than a specific set of interventions, smartness itself cannot easily be measured or quantifiably assessed. Instead, we understand smart cities to be a broad framework of strategies pursued by urban actors, and ask whether and how smart city projects catalyze urban energy sustainability. We use case studies of three cities (Nottingham, Stavanger, and Stockholm) funded by the Horizon 2020 Smart Cities and Communities program and examine how urban energy sustainability was advanced and realized through the smart city initiatives. We find first that while sustainability is not always a major objective of local implementation of smart city projects, the smartness agenda nevertheless increases the ambition to achieve energy sustainability targets. Second, the sustainability measures in smart cities are rarely driven by advanced technology, even though the smart city agenda is framed around such innovations. Third, there is significant sustainability potential in cross-sectoral integration, but there are unresolved challenges of accountability for and measurability of these gains.
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“As a result, there has recently been an upsurge in research and practice outputs on environmentally sustainable smart cities”
From Environmentally sustainable smart cities and their converging AI, IoT, and big data technologies and solutions: an integrated approach to an extensive literature review (2023) · cites this paper as Haarstad and Wathne 2019
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Metadata
- Authors
- Haarstad, H., & Wathne, M. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Bergen (NO)
- OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Haarstad, Håvard
- Wathne, Marikken W.
- Venue
- Energy Policy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-06
- Volume
- 129
- Pages
- 918-925
- ISSN
- 0301-4215 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2922114378
- Cited by
- 164
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 15.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Energy Policy (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Bergens Forskningsstiftelse (BFS2016REK04)
- Horizon 2020
- European Commission
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Smart Cities and Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Sustainability and Climate Change Governance
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Integrated Energy Systems Optimization
- Keywords
- smart cities, smart city projects, sustainability goals, intersectoral integration, accountability, urban governance, Nottingham, Stavanger, Stockholm
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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